{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T14:46:24Z","timestamp":1787409984075,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A650327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A650327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TUFF40\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUFF40\/2565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005790","name":"Thammasat University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Thammasat University Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Thammasat University Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection is the most common cause of death in HIV\/AIDS patients. Macrophages are pivotal for the regulation of immune responses to cryptococcal infection by either playing protective function or facilitating fungal dissemination. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage responses to C. neoformans remain unclear. To analyze the transcriptomic changes and identify the pathogenic factors of macrophages, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of alveolar macrophage responses during C. neoformans infection. Alveolar macrophages isolated from C. neoformans\u2013infected mice showed dynamic gene expression patterns, with expression change from a protective M1 (classically activated)\u2013like to a pathogenic M2 (alternatively activated)\u2013like phenotype. Arg1, the gene encoding the enzyme arginase 1, was found as the most upregulated gene in alveolar macrophages during the chronic infection phase. The in vitro inhibition of arginase activity resulted in a reduction of cryptococcal phagocytosis, intracellular growth, and proliferation, coupled with an altered macrophage response from pathogenic M2 to a protective M1 phenotype. In an in vitro model of the blood\u2013brain barrier, macrophage-derived arginase was found to be required for C. neoformans invasion of brain microvascular endothelium. Further analysis of the degree of virulence indicated a positive correlation between arginase 1 expression in macrophages and cryptococcal brain dissemination in vivo. Thus, our data suggest that a dynamic macrophage activation that involves arginase expression may contribute to the cryptococcal disease by promoting cryptococcal growth, proliferation, and the invasion to the brain endothelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T02:10:52Z","timestamp":1672711852000},"page":"408-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Arginase 1 Expression by Macrophages Promotes <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> Proliferation and Invasion into Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Adithap","family":"Hansakon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University , Pathum Thani,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University , Pathum Thani,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-397X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chumpol","family":"Ngamphiw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency , Pathum Thani,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sissades","family":"Tongsima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency , Pathum Thani,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornpimon","family":"Angkasekwinai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University , Pathum Thani,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University , Pathum Thani,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021007592726700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282a4a64d","article-title":"HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"21","author":"Jarvis","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025021007592726700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328322ffac","article-title":"Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025021007592726700_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.11.006","article-title":"Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii during cryptococcosis","volume":"78","author":"Gibson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. 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