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Transplantation of hNSCs has been shown to increase the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the spinal cords of murine models of MS, which is correlated with a strong localized remyelination response. However, the mechanisms by which hNSC transplantation leads to an increase in Tregs in the CNS remains unclear. We report that hNSCs drive the conversion of T conventional (Tconv) cells into Tregs in\u00a0vitro. Conversion of Tconv cells is Ag driven and fails to occur in the absence of TCR stimulation by cognate antigenic self-peptides. Furthermore, CNS Ags are sufficient to drive this conversion in the absence of hNSCs in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. Importantly, only Ags presented in the thymus during T cell selection drive this Treg response. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms by which hNSC Ags drive the conversion of Tconv cells into Tregs and may provide key insight needed for the development of MS therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T13:12:38Z","timestamp":1682082758000},"page":"1677-1686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Presentation of Human Neural Stem Cell Antigens Drives Regulatory T Cell Induction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Scott A","family":"Greilach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quy H","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Kessenbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig M","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021008054218600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81107-1","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: a coordinated immunological attack against myelin in the central nervous system","volume":"85","author":"Steinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021008054218600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"133","author":"Hauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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