{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:31:45Z","timestamp":1783643505531,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C00052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI146785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI146785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020366","name":"Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Influenza viruses infect 5\u201330% of the world\u2019s population annually, resulting in millions of incidents of hospitalization and thousands of mortalities worldwide every year. Although annual vaccination has significantly reduced hospitalization rates in vulnerable populations, the current vaccines are estimated to offer a wide range of protection from 10 to 60% annually. Such incomplete immunity may be related to both poor antigenic coverage of circulating strains, as well as to the insufficient induction of protective immunity. Beyond the role of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), vaccine-induced Abs have the capacity to induce a broader array of Ab effector functions, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, that has been implicated in universal immunity against influenza viruses. However, whether different vaccine platforms can induce functional humoral immunity in a distinct manner remains incompletely defined. In this study, we compared vaccine-induced humoral immune responses induced by two seasonal influenza vaccines in Homo sapiens, the i.m. inactivated vaccine (IIV\/Fluzone) and the live attenuated mucosal vaccine (LAIV\/FluMist). Whereas the inactivated influenza vaccine induced superior Ab titers and Fc\u03b3R binding capacity to diverse HA and NA Ags, the live attenuated influenza mucosal vaccine induced a more robust functional humoral immune response against both the HA and NA domains. Multivariate Ab analysis further highlighted the significantly different overall functional humoral immune profiles induced by the two vaccines, marked by differences in IgG titers, FcR binding, and both NK cell\u2013recruiting and opsonophagocytic Ab functions. These results highlight the striking differences in Ab Fc-effector profiles induced systemically by two distinct influenza vaccine platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T13:56:31Z","timestamp":1700229391000},"page":"24-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Distinct Functional Humoral Immune Responses Are Induced after Live Attenuated and Inactivated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3231-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Cizmeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A","family":"Carlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah B","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan P","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lingwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1947-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted M","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galit","family":"Alter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020405424474700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0143-6","article-title":"The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination","volume":"19","author":"Krammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020405424474700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801149","article-title":"Original antigenic sin: how first exposure shapes lifelong anti-influenza virus immune responses","volume":"202","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020405424474700_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9090979","article-title":"Review of influenza virus vaccines: the qualitative nature of immune responses to infection and vaccination is a critical consideration","volume":"9","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2025020405424474700_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00495-3","article-title":"Antibodies to combat viral infections: development strategies and progress","volume":"21","author":"Pantaleo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"2025020405424474700_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00440","article-title":"Extra-neutralizing FcR-mediated antibody functions for a universal influenza vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Boudreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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