{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:17:00Z","timestamp":1782361020653,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K09901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K09901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The differentiation of neural crest (NC) cells into various cell lineages contributes to the formation of many organs, including the thymus. In this study, we explored the role of NC cells in thymic T cell development. In double-transgenic mice expressing NC-specific Cre and the Cre-driven diphtheria toxin receptor, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were significantly reduced, as were thymic T cell progenitors, when NC-derived cells were ablated with short-term administration of diphtheria toxin. Additionally, yellow fluorescent protein+ NC-derived mesenchymal cells, perivascular cells, and tyrosine hydroxylase+ sympathetic nerves in the thymus significantly decreased. Furthermore, i.p. administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a known neurotoxin for noradrenergic neurons, resulted in a significant decrease in thymic tyrosine hydroxylase+ nerves, a phenotype similar to that of depleted NC-derived cells, whereas administration of a noradrenaline precursor for ablating NC-derived cells or sympathetic nerves rarely rescued this phenotype. To clarify the role of NC-derived cells in the adult thymus, we transplanted thymus into the renal capsules of wild-type mice and observed abnormal T cell development in lethally irradiated thymus with ablation of NC-derived cells or sympathetic nerves, suggesting that NC-derived cells inside and outside of the thymus contribute to T cell development. In particular, the ablation of NC-derived mesenchymal cells in the thymus decreases the number of thymocytes and T cell progenitors. Overall, ablation of NC-derived cells, including sympathetic nerves, in the thymus leads to abnormal T cell development in part by lowering plasma noradrenalin levels. This study reveals that NC-derived cells including mesenchymal cells and sympathetic nerves within thymus regulate T cell development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T13:35:57Z","timestamp":1695648957000},"page":"1494-1505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Depletion of Neural Crest\u2013Derived Cells Leads to Plasma Noradrenaline Decrease and Alters T Cell Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tsunokuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris Narki","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Isono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari","family":"Kuniishi-Hikosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmacological Science, University of Toyama , Toyama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motokazu","family":"Tsuneto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University , Yonago ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020406182889300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511897948.010","volume-title":"The Neural Crest","author":"Le Douarin","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.7.1059","article-title":"The cephalic neural crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain","volume":"128","author":"Etchevers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.142.1.17","article-title":"Tracing of cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras","volume":"142","author":"Le Douarin","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6606851","article-title":"Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest","volume":"223","author":"Bockman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(97)01187-6","article-title":"Cellular and molecular biology of neural crest cell lineage determination","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.8.5344","article-title":"Neural crest origin of perivascular mesenchyme in the adult thymus","volume":"180","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9323","article-title":"A novel transgenic technique that allows specific marking of the neural crest cell lineage in mice","volume":"212","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.8.1607","article-title":"Fate of the mammalian cardiac neural crest","volume":"127","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/5007","article-title":"Generalized lacZ expression with the ROSA26 Cre reporter strain","volume":"21","author":"Soriano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-1-4","article-title":"Cre reporter strains produced by targeted insertion of EYFP and ECFP into the ROSA26 locus","volume":"1","author":"Srinivas","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90279-M","article-title":"P0 promoter directs expression of reporter and toxin genes to Schwann cells of transgenic mice","volume":"8","author":"Messing","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth762","article-title":"A Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mediates cell lineage ablation after toxin administration","volume":"2","author":"Buch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1331","article-title":"Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Blackburn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r14","first-page":"133","article-title":"The role of mesenchyme in thymus development","volume":"251","author":"Owen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/35095500","article-title":"Lymphostromal interactions in thymic development and function","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.5.3183","article-title":"Contribution of neural crest-derived cells in the embryonic and adult thymus","volume":"180","author":"Foster","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46436","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046436","article-title":"Origins and properties of dental, thymic, and bone marrow mesenchymal cells and their stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Komada","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh237","article-title":"Presence and distribution of neural crest-derived cells in the murine developing thymus and their potential for differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.6.1051","article-title":"An essential role for thymic mesenchyme in early T cell development","volume":"191","author":"Suniara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022135","article-title":"Differential requirement for mesenchyme in the proliferation and maturation of thymic epithelial progenitors","volume":"198","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-023143","article-title":"PDGFR\u03b1-expressing mesenchyme regulates thymus growth and the availability of intrathymic niches","volume":"109","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092280210","article-title":"Impaired development of the thymic primordium after neural crest ablation","volume":"228","author":"Kuratani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502592","article-title":"Depletion of neural crest-derived cells leads to reduction in plasma noradrenaline and alters B lymphopoiesis","volume":"198","author":"Tsunokuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/374643a0","article-title":"Noradrenaline is essential for mouse fetal development","volume":"374","author":"Thomas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/2.3.133S","article-title":"Implications of plasma levels of catechols in the evaluation of sympathoadrenomedullary function","volume":"2","author":"Goldstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-5-671","article-title":"Plasma levels of norepinephrine","volume":"88","author":"Kopin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(79)90080-8","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma norepinephrine as an index of sympathetic neuron function in the conscious, unrestrained rat","volume":"24","author":"Micalizzi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2006.00189.x","article-title":"l-Dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS): a norepinephrine prodrug","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drug Rev."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2274","article-title":"Dopamine \u03b2-hydroxylase deficiency impairs cellular immunity","volume":"96","author":"Alaniz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70062468.x","article-title":"Restoration of norepinephrine and reversal of phenotypes in mice lacking dopamine \u03b2-hydroxylase","volume":"70","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.01.006","article-title":"Autonomic regulation of cellular immune function","volume":"182","author":"Bellinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1159\/000329581","article-title":"The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the thymus in health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Roggero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00166-2","article-title":"6-Hydroxydopamine induces thymocyte apoptosis in mice","volume":"65","author":"Tsao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.041","article-title":"Signals from the sympathetic nervous system regulate hematopoietic stem cell egress from bone marrow","volume":"124","author":"Katayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06685","article-title":"Haematopoietic stem cell release is regulated by circadian oscillations","volume":"452","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Ferrer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.06.018","article-title":"Expression of \u03b11-adrenoceptors on thymic cells and their role in fine tuning of thymopoiesis","volume":"214","author":"Pe\u0161i\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701045","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenoceptor-mediated effects in rat cultured thymic epithelial cells","volume":"120","author":"Kurz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-367102","article-title":"Norepinephrine reuptake inhibition promotes mobilization in mice: potential impact to rescue low stem cell yields","volume":"119","author":"Lucas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025020406182889300_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755s","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.2.755","article-title":"Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of lymphoid tissue","volume":"135","author":"Felten","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r40","first-page":"14","article-title":"Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs","volume":"43","author":"Felten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Prog Allergy."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(99)00127-3","article-title":"Occurrence of adrenergic nerve fibers and of noradrenaline in thymus gland of juvenile and aged rats","volume":"70","author":"Cavallotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.223","article-title":"Neural architecture in lymphoid organs: hard-wired antigen presenting cells and neurite networks in antigen entrance areas","volume":"6","author":"W\u00fclfing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.09.005","article-title":"Sympathetic modulation of immunity: relevance to disease","volume":"252","author":"Bellinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"issue":"5982","key":"2025020406182889300_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188222","article-title":"Neural crest-derived pericytes promote egress of mature thymocytes at the corticomedullary junction","volume":"328","author":"Zachariah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1014","article-title":"Peripheral catecholamines are involved in the neuroendocrine and immune effects of LPS","volume":"9","author":"Delrue-Perollet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-38-3-156","article-title":"The effect of adrenalectomy on the accesory reproductive glands of mice castrated for short periods","volume":"38","author":"Howard","year":"1946","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24525.x","article-title":"Neurochemical responses to 6-hydroxydopamine and l-dopa therapy: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"648","author":"Zigmond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.66.123","article-title":"Use of a new adhesive film for the preparation of multi-purpose fresh-frozen sections from hard tissues, whole-animals, insects and plants","volume":"66","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Histol. Cytol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.4003","article-title":"Recapitulation of normal and abnormal BioBreeding rat T cell development in adult thymus organ culture","volume":"162","author":"Whalen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490180106","article-title":"Development of innervation within syngeneic thymus tissue transplanted under the kidney capsule of the nude mouse: a light and ultrastructural microscope study","volume":"18","author":"Bulloch","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55128-4","article-title":"Enteric neuronal cell therapy reverses architectural changes in a novel diphtheria toxin-mediated model of colonic aganglionosis","volume":"9","author":"Bhave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.05.004","article-title":"Heterogeneity among DN1 prothymocytes reveals multiple progenitors with different capacities to generate T cell and non-T cell lineages","volume":"20","author":"Porritt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0238-4","article-title":"Bcl11b sets pro-T cell fate by site-specific cofactor recruitment and by repressing Id2 and Zbtb16","volume":"19","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188995","article-title":"An essential developmental checkpoint for production of the T cell lineage","volume":"329","author":"Ikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1216","article-title":"Notch signaling controls the generation and differentiation of early T lineage progenitors","volume":"6","author":"Sambandam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.013","article-title":"Transformation of accessible chromatin and 3D nucleome underlies lineage commitment of early T cells","volume":"48","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05390.x","article-title":"Cooperation of \u03b22- and \u03b23-adrenergic receptors in hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization","volume":"1192","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Ferrer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(04)80028-1","article-title":"Age-dependent morphometrical changes in the thymus of male propranolol-treated rats","volume":"186","author":"Ple\u0107a\u0161-Solarovi\u0107","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/310231a0","article-title":"Successful transplantation across major histocompatibility barrier of deoxyguanosine-treated embryonic thymus expressing class II antigens","volume":"310","author":"Ready","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830120710","article-title":"Effect of deoxyguanosine on lymphopoiesis in the developing thymus rudiment in vitro: application in the production of chimeric thymus rudiments","volume":"12","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/362070a0","article-title":"MHC class II-positive epithelium and mesenchyme cells are both required for T-cell development in the thymus","volume":"362","author":"Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00447","article-title":"Thymic epithelium abnormalities in DiGeorge and Down syndrome patients contribute to dysregulation in T cell development","volume":"10","author":"Marcovecchio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-126708","article-title":"Thymus regeneration is dependent on distinct mesenchymal stromal cell populations","volume":"134","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.10.3373","article-title":"Total lymphoid irradiation leads to transient depletion of the mouse thymic medulla and persistent abnormalities among medullary stromal cells","volume":"140","author":"Adkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1955","article-title":"Early lymphocyte expansion is severely impaired in interleukin 7 receptor-deficient mice","volume":"180","author":"Peschon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r66","first-page":"582","article-title":"Disruption of CXCR4 signaling in pharyngeal neural crest cells causes DiGeorge syndrome-like malformations","volume":"143","author":"Escot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.9.4649","article-title":"A role of CXC chemokine ligand 12\/stromal cell-derived factor-1\/pre-B cell growth stimulating factor and its receptor CXCR4 in fetal and adult T cell development in vivo","volume":"170","author":"Ara","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1830","article-title":"CXCR4 acts as a costimulator during thymic \u03b2-selection","volume":"11","author":"Trampont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-9059-5","article-title":"Characterization of thymocyte phenotypic alterations induced by long-lasting \u03b2-adrenoceptor blockade in vivo and its effects on thymocyte proliferation and apoptosis","volume":"285","author":"Leposavi\u0107","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.010","article-title":"Effects of catecholamines on thymocyte apoptosis and proliferation depend on thymocyte microenvironment","volume":"272","author":"Radojevi\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.8.3018","article-title":"Overexpression of human stem cell factor impairs melanocyte, mast cell, and thymocyte development: a role for receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated mitogen activated protein kinase activation in cell differentiation","volume":"90","author":"Kapur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025020406182889300_r72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.6.2081","article-title":"Depressed immunity and impaired proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with complete spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Iversen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/211\/10\/1494\/61473270\/ji2300045.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/211\/10\/1494\/61473270\/ji2300045.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1738649931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/211\/10\/1494\/7925090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2300045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]}}}