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We have examined whether intestinal infection with the natural murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri alters Ag-specific Ab and cellular immune responses to oral and parenteral vaccination in mice. Oral vaccination of mice with a clinically relevant, live, attenuated, recombinant Salmonella vaccine expressing chicken egg OVA (Salmonella-OVA) induced the accumulation of activated, OVA-specific T effector cells rather than OVA-specific regulatory T cells in the GALT. Intestinal helminth infection significantly reduced Th1-skewed Ab responses to oral vaccination with Salmonella-OVA. Activated, adoptively transferred, OVA-specific CD4+ T cells accumulated in draining mesenteric lymph nodes of vaccinated mice, regardless of their helminth infection status. However, helminth infection increased the frequencies of adoptively transferred OVA-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-10 in the mesenteric lymph node. Ab responses to the oral Salmonella-OVA vaccine were reduced in helminth-free mice adoptively transferred with OVA-specific CD4+ T cells harvested from mice with intestinal helminth infection. Intestinal helminth infection also significantly reduced Th2-skewed Ab responses to parenteral vaccination with OVA adsorbed to alum. These findings suggest that vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells induced in the context of helminth infection retain durable immunomodulatory properties and may promote blunted Ab responses to vaccination. They also underscore the potential need to treat parasitic infection before mass vaccination campaigns in helminth-endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T14:07:57Z","timestamp":1685974077000},"page":"389-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intestinal Helminth Infection Impairs Oral and Parenteral Vaccine Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Yugen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaKeya C","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-4000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille M","family":"Kapita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4393-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program and Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liubov","family":"Arbeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, University 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MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathryn R","family":"Nagler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL"},{"name":"Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onyinye I","family":"Iweala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina 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