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Moreover, novel IAVs with human pandemic potential may be generated in pigs. To minimize the threat of IAVs to human and swine health, it is crucial to understand host defense mechanisms that restrict viral replication and pathology in pigs. In this article, we review IAV strains circulating in the North American swine population, as well as porcine innate and acquired immune responses to IAV, including recent advances achieved through immunological tools developed specifically for swine. Furthermore, we highlight unique aspects of the porcine pulmonary immune system, which warrant consideration when developing vaccines and therapeutics to limit IAV in swine or when using pigs to model human IAV infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1696262499000},"page":"1187-1194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["From Snoot to Tail: A Brief Review of Influenza Virus Infection and Immunity in Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"211","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0395-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal L","family":"Loving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P","family":"Driver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020501012467300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008330","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008330","article-title":"A unique feature of swine ANP32A provides susceptibility to avian influenza virus infection in pigs","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2025020501012467300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176225","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans","volume":"325","author":"Garten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025020501012467300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-009-0386-6","article-title":"Characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza virus in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Vincent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"2025020501012467300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)00403-X","article-title":"Swine influenza viruses: a North American perspective","volume":"72","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. 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