{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T08:02:18Z","timestamp":1784448138799,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 GM103639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM103639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA225520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The thymus is the site of T lymphocyte development and T cell education to recognize foreign, but not self, Ags. B cells also reside and develop in the thymus, although their functions are less clear. During \u201cthymic involution,\u201d a process of lymphoid atrophy and adipose replacement linked to sexual maturation, thymocytes decline. However, thymic B cells decrease far less than T cells, such that B cells comprise \u223c1% of human neonatal thymocytes but up to \u223c10% in adults. All jawed vertebrates possess a thymus, and we and others have shown zebrafish (Danio rerio) also have thymic B cells. In this article, we investigated the precise identities of zebrafish thymic T and B cells and how they change with involution. We assessed the timing and specific details of zebrafish thymic involution using multiple lymphocyte-specific, fluorophore-labeled transgenic lines, quantifying the changes in thymic T- and B-lymphocytes pre- versus postinvolution. Our results prove that, as in humans, zebrafish thymic B cells increase relative to T cells postinvolution. We also performed RNA sequencing on D. rerio thymic and marrow lymphocytes of four novel double-transgenic lines, identifying distinct populations of immature T and B cells. Collectively, this is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive analysis of zebrafish thymic involution, demonstrating its similarity to human involution and establishing the highly genetically manipulatable zebrafish model as a template for involution studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T09:36:31Z","timestamp":1713951391000},"page":"1733-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamic Changes in Lymphocyte Populations Establish Zebrafish as a Thymic Involution Model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8593-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameera","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2815-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose J","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brash\u00e9","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Malone-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3605-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilseung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clay A","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2936-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Kimble","family":"Frazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020405502524400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3534","article-title":"Thymus involution and regeneration: two sides of the same coin?","volume":"13","author":"Boehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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