{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T21:57:23Z","timestamp":1785794243811,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF), a complex infectious disease, causes inflammatory destruction of bone tissue and poses a significant clinical challenge. miR-345-3p is a biomarker for tibial infected nonunion; however, the comprehensive mechanistic role of miR-345-3p in IAFF is elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-345-3p in IAFF pathogenesis through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo, in a rat model of IAFF, miR-345-3p expression was downregulated, accompanied by increased M1 macrophage infiltration and secretion of proinflammatory factors. In vitro, LPS induced differentiation of primary rat bone marrow\u2013derived macrophages into M1 macrophages, which was attenuated by miR-345-3p mimics. miR-345-3p promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition\u2014it reduced the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 86, inducible NO synthase, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 but elevated those of CD163, arginase-1, IL-4, and IL-10. MAPK kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), a target mRNA of miR-345-3p, was overexpressed in the bone tissue of IAFF rats compared with that in those of the control rats. The M1 to M2 polarization inhibited MAP3K1 signaling pathways in vitro. Conversely, MAP3K1 overexpression promoted the transition from M2 to M1. miR-345-3p significantly inhibited NF-\u03baB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in a MAP3K1-dependent manner. In conclusion, miR-345-3p promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the MAP3K1 and NF-\u03baB pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for IAFF and offer potential new targets for subsequent research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T15:41:00Z","timestamp":1705506060000},"page":"844-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["miR-345-3p Modulates M1\/M2 Macrophage Polarization to Inhibit Inflammation in Bone Infection via Targeting MAP3K1 and NF-\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8792-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoliang","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7258-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020405453997500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0019-y","article-title":"Implant infections: adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion","volume":"16","author":"Arciola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61798-0","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"387","author":"Kapadia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r3","first-page":"134","article-title":"Bone infection site targeting nanoparticle-antibiotics delivery vehicle to enhance treatment efficacy of orthopedic implant related infection","volume":"16","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.10.023","article-title":"Two-staged time-dependent materials for the prevention of implant-related infections","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(18)30310-3","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges and future perspectives in fracture-related infection","volume":"49","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03490-x","article-title":"Comparing external fixators and intramedullary nailing for treating open tibia fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.08.002","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of infection after fracture fixation","volume":"50","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180093","article-title":"Infection after fracture fixation","volume":"4","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-3048-0","article-title":"Insights into treatment and outcome of fracture-related infection: a systematic literature review","volume":"139","author":"Bezstarosti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B12.BJJ-2018-0586.R1","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of serum inflammatory markers in late fracture-related infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100-B","author":"van den Kieboom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04627-5","article-title":"Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection: prevalence, aetiology, evaluation, recommendations, and treatment","volume":"44","author":"Kalbian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190072","article-title":"Definition and diagnosis of fracture-related infection","volume":"5","author":"McNally","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0280720","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02807-20","article-title":"Diagnosing fracture-related infections: where are we now?","volume":"60","author":"Stevenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2823-2_1","article-title":"miRNA biogenesis and regulation of diseases: an updated overview","volume":"2595","author":"Vishnoi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2023.01.009","article-title":"MicroRNAs: key modulators of inflammation-associated diseases","volume":"154","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101664","article-title":"microRNA dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review","volume":"182","author":"Juzwik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-018-0006-9","article-title":"miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.09.016","article-title":"Differentially expressed microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for infected tibial non-union","volume":"52","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00686-0","article-title":"Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management","volume":"20","author":"Masters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","article-title":"Diversity, mechanisms, and significance of macrophage plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Locati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173090","article-title":"Macrophage M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"877","author":"Yunna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300074","article-title":"Exosomes from cyclic stretched periodontal ligament cells induced periodontal inflammation through miR-9-5p\/SIRT1\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"210","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102909","article-title":"miR-182\/183-Rasa1 axis induced macrophage polarization and redox regulation promotes repair after ischemic cardiac injury","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.01.018","article-title":"A new animal model for implant-related infected non-unions after intramedullary fixation of the tibia in rats with fluorescent in situ hybridization of bacteria in bone infection. [Published erratum appears in 2012 Bone 51: 187.]","volume":"48","author":"Alt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181ed1349","article-title":"The use of a biodegradable, load-bearing scaffold as a carrier for antibiotics in an infected open fracture model","volume":"24","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150314","article-title":"Characterization of a rabbit model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis","volume":"15","author":"Smeltzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r27","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM): isolation and applications","volume":"2008","author":"Weischenfeldt","year":"2008","journal-title":"CSH Protoc."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb1510s95","article-title":"Stem-loop RT-qPCR for miRNAs","author":"Kramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gni178","article-title":"Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506","article-title":"Nuclear factor-kappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"336","author":"Barnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-00355-y","article-title":"Progranulin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathways","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0540-y","article-title":"Artemether attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via suppression of MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r33","first-page":"326","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles derived from hypoxic preconditioned dental pulp stem cells ameliorate inflammatory osteolysis by modulating macrophage polarization and osteoclastogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112112","article-title":"The impact of non-coding RNAs on macrophage polarization","volume":"142","author":"Ghafouri-Fard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2017.05.002","article-title":"Macrophages and bone inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Translat."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117142","article-title":"miR-345-3p attenuates apoptosis and inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein by targeting TRAF6 via TAK1\/p38\/NF-\u03baB signaling in endothelial cells","volume":"241","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r37","first-page":"2","article-title":"miR-345-3p serves a protective role during gestational diabetes mellitus by targeting BAK1","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061801","article-title":"Role of human macrophage polarization in inflammation during infectious diseases","volume":"19","author":"Atri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.09.005","article-title":"Differential plasticity and fate of brain-resident and recruited macrophages during the onset and resolution of neuroinflammation","volume":"55","author":"De Vlaminck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12910","article-title":"Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity","volume":"154","author":"Funes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020276","article-title":"Macrophages: from simple phagocyte to an integrative regulatory cell for inflammation and tissue regeneration\u2014a review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Mamilos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab004","article-title":"Macrophage responses to environmental stimuli during homeostasis and disease","volume":"42","author":"Rasheed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.04.052","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of macrophages in bone regeneration: a story of polarization, activation and time","volume":"133","author":"Schlundt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121979","article-title":"The good and the bad: monocytes\u2019 and macrophages\u2019 diverse functions in inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Austermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01958","article-title":"M1 and M2 monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: a contribution of imbalance of M1\/M2 monocytes to osteoclastogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Fukui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46322","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46322","article-title":"Elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels following anti-resorptive drug treatment is required for osteonecrosis development in infectious osteomyelitis","volume":"7","author":"Morita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00084-17","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00084-17","article-title":"Staphylococcal osteomyelitis: disease progression, treatment challenges, and future directions","volume":"31","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2206646","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206646","article-title":"Guanidinium-decorated nanostructure for precision sonodynamic-catalytic therapy of MRSA-infected osteomyelitis","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102157","article-title":"Multitasking by the OC lineage during bone infection: bone resorption, immune modulation, and microbial niche","volume":"9","author":"Roper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2017.07.007","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and the transcriptional control of inflammation","volume":"335","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1139\/o04-114","article-title":"Wiring diagrams of MAPK regulation by MEKK1, 2, and 3","volume":"82","author":"Uhlik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0030OC","article-title":"Genetic variation in MAP3K1 associates with ventilator-free days in acute respiratory distress Syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Morrell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108407","article-title":"gga-miR-21 modulates Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS strain)-induced inflammation via targeting MAP3K1 and activating MAPKs and NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"237","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X21500087","article-title":"Baicalin protects against acute pancreatitis involving JNK signaling pathway via regulating miR-15a","volume":"49","author":"Zhen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172674","article-title":"TcpC inhibits M1 but promotes M2 macrophage polarization via regulation of the MAPK\/NF-\u03baB and Akt\/STAT6 pathways in urinary tract infection","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025020405453997500_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106473","article-title":"Losartan attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by regulating macrophage polarization via TLR4-mediated NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/212\/5\/844\/61473796\/ji2300561.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/212\/5\/844\/61473796\/ji2300561.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T05:48:12Z","timestamp":1738648092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/212\/5\/844\/7926013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2300561","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]}}}