{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:32:05Z","timestamp":1787563925063,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007202","name":"Canadian Government | CIHR | CIHR Skin Research Training Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-180567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-180567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007202","name":"Canadian Government | CIHR | CIHR Skin Research Training Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202109EG5-477222-ERG-CFBA-58684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202109EG5-477222-ERG-CFBA-58684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"HHS | NIH | Office of Extramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI083387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI083387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study of S100A9 in viral infections has seen increased interest since the COVID-19 pandemic. S100A8\/A9 levels were found to be correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, cytokine storm, and changes in myeloid cell subsets. These data led to the hypothesis that S100A8\/A9 proteins might play an active role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review explores the structures and functions of S100A8\/9 and the current knowledge on the involvement of S100A8\/A9 and its constituents in viral infections. The potential roles of S100A9 in SARS-CoV-2 infections are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T16:01:33Z","timestamp":1715011293000},"page":"1523-1529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["S100A9: The Unusual Suspect Connecting Viral Infection and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Boucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d\u2019Immunologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2722-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d\u2019Immunologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santanu","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University , Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe A","family":"Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d\u2019Immunologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec City, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020405492854600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/330080a0","article-title":"Two calcium-binding proteins in infiltrate macrophages of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"330","author":"Odink","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020405492854600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/331570a0","article-title":"The molecular nature of the cystic fibrosis antigen","volume":"331","author":"Br\u00fcggen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020405492854600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1142\/9781848168374_0008","volume-title":"The Neutrophils. 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