{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:10:34Z","timestamp":1781115034097,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"\u9655\u897f\u7701\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5385 | Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JC-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JC-12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1800304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1800304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a worldwide zoonotic and public health concern. The study of HEV biology is helpful for designing viral vaccines and drugs. Nanobodies have recently been considered appealing materials for viral biological research. In this study, a Bactrian camel was immunized with capsid proteins from different genotypes (1, 3, 4, and avian) of HEV. Then, a phage library (6.3\u2009\u00d7\u2009108 individual clones) was constructed using peripheral blood lymphocytes from the immunized camel, and 12 nanobodies against the truncated capsid protein of genotype 3 HEV (g3-p239) were screened. g3-p239-Nb55 can cross-react with different genotypes of HEV and block Kernow-C1\/P6 HEV from infecting HepG2\/C3A cells. To our knowledge, the epitope recognized by g3-p239-Nb55 was determined to be a novel conformational epitope located on the surface of viral particles and highly conserved among different mammalian HEV isolates. Next, to increase the affinity and half-life of the nanobody, it was displayed on the surface of ferritin, which can self-assemble into a 24-subunit nanocage, namely, fenobody-55. The affinities of fenobody-55 to g3-p239 were \u223c20 times greater than those of g3-p239-Nb55. In addition, the half-life of fenobody-55 was nine times greater than that of g3-p239-Nb55. G3-p239-Nb55 and fenobody-55 can block p239 attachment and Kernow-C1\/P6 infection of HepG2\/C3A cells. Fenobody-55 can completely neutralize HEV infection in rabbits when it is preincubated with nonenveloped HEV particles. Our study reported a case in which a nanobody neutralized HEV infection by preincubation, identified a (to our knowledge) novel and conserved conformational epitope of HEV, and provided new material for researching HEV biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T16:37:32Z","timestamp":1718987852000},"page":"442-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Broad-specificity Neutralizing Nanobody against Hepatitis E Virus Capsid Protein"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Xueting","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College , Weifang, Shandong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinpin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yani","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian A","family":"Hiscox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"En-Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8993-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012305132170300_r1","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Cross-reactive immunity against different strains of the hepatitis E virus transferable by simian and human sera","volume":"318","author":"Pillot","year":"1995","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci III"},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02937","article-title":"HEV occurrence in waste and drinking water treatment plants","volume":"10","author":"Cuevas-Ferrando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.068429-0","article-title":"Consensus proposals for classification of the family Hepeviridae","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jgv.0.001778","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001778","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Hepeviridae 2022","volume":"103","author":"Purdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-017-0009-6","article-title":"Origin and dispersal of hepatitis E virus","volume":"7","author":"Forni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.12.020","article-title":"A truncated ORF2 protein contains the most immunogenic site on ORF2: antibody responses to non-vaccine sequences following challenge of vaccinated and non-vaccinated macaques with hepatitis E virus","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010018","article-title":"Zoonotic hepatitis E: animal reservoirs and emerging risks","volume":"41","author":"Pavio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. 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Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00251-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00251-18","article-title":"Characterization of three novel linear neutralizing B-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of swine hepatitis E virus","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2025012305132170300_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.10.021","article-title":"An intracellularly expressed Nsp9-specific nanobody in MARC-145 cells inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication","volume":"181","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. 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Infect."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/213\/4\/442\/61539589\/ji2300706.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/213\/4\/442\/61539589\/ji2300706.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:14:30Z","timestamp":1737609270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/213\/4\/442\/7925922"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2300706","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]}}}