{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:43:03Z","timestamp":1791398583781,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":141,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1 HL114501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1 HL114501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 HL155558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 HL155558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LC10132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LC10132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Defense","award":["W81XWH2210041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2210041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL134625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL134625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Innate immune responses such as phagocytosis are critically linked to the generation of adaptive immune responses against the neoantigens in cancer and the efferocytosis that is essential for homeostasis in diseases characterized by lung injury, inflammation, and remodeling as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chitinase 3\u2013like-1 (CHI3L1) is induced in many cancers where it inhibits adaptive immune responses by stimulating immune checkpoint molecules (ICPs) and portends a poor prognosis. CHI3L1 is also induced in COPD where it regulates epithelial cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that pulmonary melanoma metastasis inhibits macrophage phagocytosis by stimulating the CD47-SIRP\u03b1 and CD24-Siglec10 phagocytosis checkpoint pathways while inhibiting macrophage \u201ceat me\u201d signals from calreticulin and HMGB1. We also demonstrate that these effects on macrophage phagocytosis are associated with CHI3L1 stimulation of the SHP-1 and SHP-2 phosphatases and inhibition of the accumulation and phosphorylation of cytoskeleton-regulating nonmuscle myosin IIa. This inhibition of innate immune responses such as phagocytosis provides a mechanistic explanation for the ability of CHI3L1 to stimulate ICPs and inhibit adaptive immune responses in cancer and diseases such as COPD. The ability of CHI3L1 to simultaneously inhibit innate immune responses, stimulate ICPs, inhibit T cell costimulation, and regulate a number of other oncogenic and inflammation pathways suggests that CHI3L1-targeted therapeutics are promising interventions in cancer, COPD, and other disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2400035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T08:38:49Z","timestamp":1726648729000},"page":"1279-1291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Chitinase 3\u2013like-1 Inhibits Innate Antitumor and Tissue Remodeling Immune Responses by Regulating CD47-SIRP\u03b1\u2013 and CD24-Siglec10\u2013Mediated Phagocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"213","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5640-283X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9847-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suchitra","family":"Kamle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6560-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Sadanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0130-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce H","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin K","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Woman\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn L","family":"DeMeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Woman\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine M K","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School , New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Geun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack A","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091919460670000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00470-y","article-title":"Drugging the efferocytosis process: concepts and opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4971","article-title":"Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"348","author":"Schumacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056397","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1056397","article-title":"CHI3L1 enhances melanoma lung metastasis via regulation of T cell co-stimulators and CTLA-4\/B7 axis","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137750","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137750","article-title":"CHI3L1 regulates PD-L1 and anti-CHI3L1-PD-1 antibody elicits synergistic antitumor responses","volume":"131","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1593-5","article-title":"Harnessing innate immunity in cancer therapy","volume":"574","author":"Demaria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1192-x","article-title":"Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A): a key phosphatase in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Nader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2021.1978419","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on efferocytosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; molecular mechanisms and treatment opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Tajbakhsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2022.07.005","article-title":"Efferocytosis in lung mucosae: implications for health and disease","volume":"248","author":"Guimar\u00e3es-Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.013","article-title":"Origin and functions of tissue macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Epelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Gomez Perdiguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.011","article-title":"C-Myb+ erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051265","article-title":"Having an old friend for dinner: the interplay between apoptotic cells and efferocytes","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax8756","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax8756","article-title":"Identification of a nerve-associated, lung-resident interstitial macrophage subset with distinct localization and immunoregulatory properties","volume":"5","author":"Ural","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0555-3","article-title":"The role of airway macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance following acute and chronic lung inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Grabiec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108499","article-title":"Targeting macrophage-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis: an overview of phagocytosis checkpoints blockade, nanomedicine intervention, and engineered CAR-macrophage therapy","volume":"103","author":"Moradinasab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001019","article-title":"Novel SIRP\u03b1 antibodies that induce single-agent phagocytosis of tumor cells while preserving T cells","volume":"206","author":"Andrejeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0025OC","article-title":"Smoking alters alveolar macrophage recognition and phagocytic ability: implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"37","author":"Hodge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7657","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7657","article-title":"Lovastatin enhances clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) with implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"176","author":"Morimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138110","article-title":"COPD is associated with reduced pulmonary interstitial expression of pentraxin-3","volume":"39","author":"Van Pottelberge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L852","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00066.2012","article-title":"Annexin V decreases PS-mediated macrophage efferocytosis and deteriorates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice","volume":"303","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4240","article-title":"High mobility group protein-1 inhibits phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils through binding to phosphatidylserine","volume":"181","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098571","article-title":"Oxidative stress decreases functional airway mannose binding lectin in COPD","volume":"9","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110056","article-title":"Zinc and zinc transporters in macrophages and their roles in efferocytosis in COPD","volume":"9","author":"Hamon","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081271","article-title":"Role of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39)\/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13-induced tissue responses and apoptosis","volume":"206","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142250","article-title":"Role of chitin and chitinase\/chitinase-like proteins in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and injury","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3VMR0415-142R","article-title":"YKL-40\/CHI3L1 drives inflammation on the road of tumor progression","volume":"98","author":"Libreros","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79792","article-title":"Chitinase 3-like-1 and its receptors in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-associated lung disease","volume":"125","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12752","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12752","article-title":"IL-13R\u03b12 uses TMEM219 in chitinase 3-like-1-induced signalling and effector responses","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017010110","article-title":"Breast regression protein-39\/chitinase 3-like 1 promotes renal fibrosis after kidney injury via activation of myofibroblasts","volume":"28","author":"Montgomery","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02731-6","article-title":"Regulation of chitinase-3-like-1 in T cell elicits Th1 and cytotoxic responses to inhibit lung metastasis","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.017","article-title":"Chitinase 3-like-1 promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae killing and augments host tolerance to lung antibacterial responses","volume":"12","author":"Dela Cruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1793OC","article-title":"The chitinase-like proteins breast regression protein-39 and YKL-40 regulate hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury","volume":"182","author":"Sohn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147552","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI147552","article-title":"Chitinase-3-like 1 protein complexes modulate macrophage-mediated immune suppression in glioblastoma","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240ra76","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007096","article-title":"Chitinase 3-like 1 suppresses injury and promotes fibroproliferative responses in Mammalian lung fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.07.032","article-title":"Chitinase 3-like 1 regulates cellular and tissue responses via IL-13 receptor \u03b12","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0081OC","article-title":"Role of breast regression protein-39 in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and emphysema","volume":"44","author":"Matsuura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708801","article-title":"Effect of variation in CHI3L1 on serum YKL-40 level, risk of asthma, and lung function","volume":"358","author":"Ober","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.038","article-title":"Chitinase 3-like-1 expression in colonic epithelial cells as a potentially novel marker for colitis-associated neoplasia","volume":"179","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.09.66","article-title":"Plasma YKL-40: a potential new cancer biomarker?","volume":"5","author":"Johansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21678","article-title":"Elevated serum level of YKL-40 is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"106","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4114","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25196","article-title":"Elevated pretreatment serum concentration of YKL-40-An independent prognostic biomarker for poor survival in patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer","volume":"116","author":"Th\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3109\/02841861003631503","article-title":"High serum YKL-40 is a poor prognostic marker in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"49","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2004.11.011","article-title":"Expression of YKL-40 by peritumoral macrophages in human small cell lung cancer","volume":"48","author":"Junker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.347","article-title":"Breast cancer expression of YKL-40 correlates with tumour grade, poor differentiation, and other cancer markers","volume":"105","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor117","article-title":"Serum YKL-40 is a marker of prognosis and disease status in high-grade gliomas","volume":"13","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro. Oncol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200701-002FM","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"4","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78273","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78273","article-title":"Host chitinase 3-like-1 is a universal therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2 viral variants in COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Kamle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26299","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26299","article-title":"RIG-like helicase regulation of chitinase 3-like 1 axis and pulmonary metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.011","article-title":"The CD47-SIRP\u03b1 immune checkpoint","volume":"52","author":"Logtenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1456-0","article-title":"CD24 signalling through macrophage Siglec-10 is a target for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"572","author":"Barkal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13478","article-title":"Chitinase 3-like 1 drives allergic skin inflammation via Th2 immunity and M2 macrophage activation","volume":"49","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0899","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy comes of age","volume":"29","author":"Topalian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5022.779","article-title":"Cancer; a biological approach. I. The processes of control","volume":"1","author":"Burnet","year":"1957","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.03.001","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy","volume":"27","author":"Topalian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.11.3633","article-title":"Human signal-regulatory protein is expressed on normal, but not on subsets of leukemic myeloid cells and mediates cellular adhesion involving its counterreceptor CD47","volume":"94","author":"Seiffert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.1853","article-title":"Signal-regulatory protein is selectively expressed by myeloid and neuronal cells","volume":"161","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200708043","article-title":"Inhibition of \u201cself\u201d engulfment through deactivation of myosin-II at the phagocytic synapse between human cells","volume":"180","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.70","article-title":"Relationship between tumor-associated macrophage subsets and CD47 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"96","author":"Sakakura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.030","article-title":"High expression of CD47 predicts adverse prognosis in Chinese patients and suppresses immune response in melanoma","volume":"93","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23662","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4282","article-title":"CD47 blockade inhibits tumor progression human osteosarcoma in xenograft models","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6662","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121623109","article-title":"The CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) interaction is a therapeutic target for human solid tumors","volume":"109","author":"Willingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27581","article-title":"Overview of CD24 as a new molecular marker in ovarian cancer","volume":"234","author":"Tarhriz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r63","first-page":"4906","article-title":"CD24 expression is a new prognostic marker in breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816460","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/816460","article-title":"Understanding the mysterious M2 macrophage through activation markers and effector mechanisms","volume":"2015","author":"R\u0151szer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-13","article-title":"The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.172","article-title":"The clearance of dying cells: table for two","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0232-1","article-title":"The clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis","volume":"21","author":"Boada-Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.018","article-title":"Living on the edge: efferocytosis at the interface of homeostasis and pathology","volume":"50","author":"Morioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.08.020","article-title":"Defective efferocytosis by alveolar macrophages in IPF patients","volume":"106","author":"Morimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17534666211039769","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666211039769","article-title":"Inhibition of LC3-associated phagocytosis in COPD and in response to cigarette smoke","volume":"15","author":"Asare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.1.12","article-title":"Ongoing airway inflammation in patients with COPD who do not currently smoke","volume":"55","author":"Rutgers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00015","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy","volume":"134","author":"Selman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00096711","article-title":"Apoptotic cell instillation after bleomycin attenuates lung injury through hepatocyte growth factor induction","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201103-0430OC","article-title":"Lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\u2014incidence and predicting factors","volume":"184","author":"de Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1122","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.09.54","article-title":"Relationships between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: biological insights","volume":"8","author":"Barreiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"2025091919460670000_r76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-018-0101-y","article-title":"Real-world retrospective cohort study ARCTIC shows burden of comorbidities in Swedish COPD versus non-COPD patients","volume":"28","author":"St\u00e4llberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Prim. Care Respir. Med."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/213\/9\/1279\/61754190\/ji2400035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/213\/9\/1279\/61754190\/ji2400035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T23:46:23Z","timestamp":1758325583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/213\/9\/1279\/7960610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2400035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]}}}