{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T21:52:46Z","timestamp":1774648366316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles released by a number of cell types including those of the immune system, and often contain numerous immune recognition molecules including MHC molecules. We demonstrate in this study that exosomes can display a significant proportion of their MHC class I (MHC I) content in the form of disulfide-linked MHC I dimers. These MHC I dimers can be detected after release from various cell lines, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and can also be found in human plasma. Exosome-associated dimers exhibit novel characteristics which include 1) being composed of folded MHC I, as detected by conformational-dependent Abs, and 2) dimers forming between two different MHC I alleles. We show that dimer formation is mediated through cysteine residues located in the cytoplasmic tail domains of many MHC I molecules, and is associated with a low level of glutathione in exosomes when compared with whole cell lysates. We propose these exosomal MHC I dimers as novel structures for recognition by immune receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]],"date-time":"2009-07-14T01:43:38Z","timestamp":1247535818000},"page":"1884-1891","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Novel MHC Class I Structures on Exosomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews , Fife,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Susana G","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews , Fife,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Elaine C","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews , Fife,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Ailish M S","family":"Nimmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews , Fife,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Botting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews , Fife,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Antony N","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]},{"given":"Simon J","family":"Powis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews , Fife,","place":["United Kingdom"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032709085772700_R1","first-page":"6440","article-title":"Exosomes derived from IL-10-treated dendritic cells can suppress inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis.","volume-title":"J. 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