{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:07:31Z","timestamp":1765825651142,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The thymus is a target of multiple pathogens. How the immune system responds to thymic infection is largely unknown. Despite being considered an immune-privileged organ, we detect a mycobacteria-specific T cell response in the thymus following dissemination of Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This response includes proinflammatory cytokine production by mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which stimulates infected cells and controls bacterial growth in the thymus. Importantly, the responding T cells are mature peripheral T cells that recirculate back to the thymus. The recruitment of these cells is associated with an increased expression of Th1 chemokines and an enrichment of CXCR3+ mycobacteria-specific T cells in the thymus. Finally, we demonstrate it is the mature T cells that home to the thymus that most efficiently control mycobacterial infection. Although the presence of mature T cells in the thymus has been recognized for some time, to our knowledge, these data are the first to show that T cell recirculation from the periphery to the thymus is a mechanism that allows the immune system to respond to thymic infection. Maintaining a functional thymic environment is essential to maintain T cell differentiation and prevent the emergence of central tolerance to the invading pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T06:45:04Z","timestamp":1357973104000},"page":"1646-1658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["T Cells Home to the Thymus and Control Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Nobrega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute\/3B\u2019s\u2013Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Nunes-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute\/3B\u2019s\u2013Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cerqueira-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute\/3B\u2019s\u2013Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute\/3B\u2019s\u2013Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Palmira","family":"Barreira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute\/3B\u2019s\u2013Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Samuel M","family":"Behar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Correia-Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , 4710-057 Braga,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute\/3B\u2019s\u2013Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory , 4710-057 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032406334304300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2944","article-title":"Design principles of adaptive immune systems","volume":"11","author":"Boehm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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