{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:50:08Z","timestamp":1790689808098,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ecios.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Orthop Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.4055\/cios25183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T04:19:28Z","timestamp":1765340368000},"page":"159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Benchmarking Open-Source Vision Language Models in Orthopedic In-Training Examination: A Comparison with Residents, Domain-Specific Evaluation, and Parameter Scaling"],"prefix":"10.4055","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7367-2436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunho","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5977-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyunga","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3182-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihyeung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"18617","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5190","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07529-2","volume":"31","author":"Kaarre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref2","first-page":"294","volume-title":"OR 2.0 Context-Aware Operating Theaters, CARE 2018, CLIP 2018, and ISIC 2018","author":"Bissoto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2025.1961","volume":"36","author":"Ay\u0131k","year":"2025","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12047","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.12047","volume":"11","author":"Kaarre","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70019","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70019","volume":"11","author":"Y\u00fcce","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12628","volume":"33","author":"Kayaalp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232346","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232346","volume":"313","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01488-3","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.10.020","volume":"41","author":"Oeding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref10","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv [Preprint]"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref11","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv [Preprint]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3369699","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref13","volume-title":"Qwen2.5-VL official hugging face repository","author":"Alibaba","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref14","volume-title":"Llama 3.2 official hugging face repository","author":"Meta","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref15","volume-title":"Qwen2.5-VL","author":"Alibaba","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref16","volume-title":"Llama 3.2 requirements","author":"Meta","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref17","volume-title":"Orthopedic In-Training Examination (OITE) technical report 2023","author":"American Academy OF Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)","year":"2024"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00396","volume":"31","author":"Massey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref19","first-page":"e23.00056","volume":"8","author":"Kung","year":"2023","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.4055\/cios23179","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref21","first-page":"38087","volume-title":"Smoothquant: Accurate and efficient post-training quantization for large language models","author":"Xiao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref22","first-page":"87","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Mach Learn Syst"},{"key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref23","author":"Frantar","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv [Preprint]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4055\/cios25183_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240273","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.240273","volume":"312","author":"Suh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ecios.org\/pdf\/10.4055\/cios25183","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ecios.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.4055\/cios25183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ecios.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.4055\/cios25183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T04:25:02Z","timestamp":1769401502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ecios.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.4055\/cios25183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/cios25183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2005-291X","2005-4408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2005-291X","type":"print"},{"value":"2005-4408","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-28","name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2026 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}