{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T05:42:07Z","timestamp":1677822127899},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cerebral epiphysis (pineal gland) secrets melatonin and number of other proteins and peptides. It was thus hypothesized that antioxidant properties of epiphyseal proteins and melatonin could potentially benefit from exogenous therapies. In view of the therapeutic potential of these proteins, the present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of buffalo epiphyseal proteins (BEP, at 100\u2009\u03bcg\/kg BW, i.p.) and melatonin (MEL, at 10\u2009mg\/kg BW, i.p) on changes in hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes of adult female Wistar rats. Buffalo epiphyseal proteins significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) increased hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and renal LPO, catalase (CAT), GR, GSH, GPx levels as compared to control animals. Similarly, MEL treatment significantly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) up-regulated hepatic SOD and GPx activity, whereas CAT, GR, GPx, and GSH levels in renal tissues were increased while SOD and LPO remained unaffected. Buffalo epiphyseal protein treatment produced greater effects on hepatic GPx and renal CAT and GSH levels than did MEL. These findings support the conclusion that buffalo epiphyseal proteins and melatonin activate a number of antioxidant mechanisms in hepatic and renal tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/142896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T17:34:12Z","timestamp":1306431252000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cerebral Epiphyseal Proteins and Melatonin Modulate the Hepatic and Renal Antioxidant Defense of Rats"],"prefix":"10.4061","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Vijay K.","family":"Bharti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India"},{"name":"Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C\/o- 56 APO, Leh 194101, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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