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Ablation strategies which target the pulmonary veins are the cornerstone of AF ablation procedures, irrespective of the AF type. Ablation strategies in the setting of persistent and long-standing persistent AF are more complex. Many centers follow a stepwise ablation approach including pulmonary vein antral isolation as the initial step, electrogram-based ablation at sites exhibiting complex fractionated atrial electrograms, and linear lesions. Up to now, no single strategy is uniformly effective in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF. The present study reviewed the efficacy of the current ablation strategies for persistent and long-standing persistent AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/376969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,6]],"date-time":"2011-03-06T09:07:34Z","timestamp":1299402454000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Current Ablation Strategies for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos P.","family":"Letsas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Invasive Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Efremidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Invasive Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, 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