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Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is present in all these underlying conditions, supporting its crucial role in the pathophysiology of antihypertensive treatment resistance. Current clinical and experimental knowledge points towards an impact of several factors on SNS activation, namely, insulin resistance, adipokines, endothelial dysfunction, cyclic intermittent hypoxaemia, aldosterone effects on central nervous system, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors dysregulation. The further investigation and understanding of the mechanisms leading to SNS activation could reveal novel therapeutic targets and expand our treatment options in the challenging management of RH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/642416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,20]],"date-time":"2011-01-20T12:38:44Z","timestamp":1295527124000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Pathophysiology of Resistant Hypertension: The Role of Sympathetic Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Costas","family":"Tsioufis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 3 Kolokotroni Street, P. 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