{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:31:42Z","timestamp":1761708702404},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Full signalling of oestrous behaviour is vital for proper timing of AI and good reproductive performance, currently jeopardized by shorter observations of oestrus behaviour. Alternative indicators including progesterone (P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) recordings on-farm are tested. Oestrous intensity of 37 heifers (H) and 30 1st-parity dairy cows (C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) either Swedish Red (32) or Swedish Holstein (35) with high genetic potential for milk production, was studied in relation to AI. P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-levels in blood or milk were monitored on-farm at 0, 7, and 20 d post-AI with a portable ELISA reader (eProCheck<jats:sup>800<\/jats:sup>). Avoidance distance and body condition were scored at day 7, and pregnancy diagnosed by P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(day 20) and trans-rectal palpation (day 50). More heifers (46%) than C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-cows (10%) showed standing oestrus (strongest intensity,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), leading to higher pregnancy rate at d50 (72% versus 37% for C1,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and calving rate (H: 64%, C1: 33%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Avoidance distances were short (&lt;1\u2009m), reflecting good human-animal interaction. Visually-recorded standing oestrus yielded 4.8 fold higher odds of pregnancy, respectively 4.6-fold higher odds of calving. On-farm P4-recordings had complementary value yet less accuracy. Intensity of oestrus signalling relates to animal well-being, reflected in pregnancy-to-term being a good indicator for optimal welfare in high-producing dairy cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/540830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T12:20:34Z","timestamp":1314274834000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intensity of Oestrus Signalling Is the Most Relevant Indicator for Animal Well-Being in High-Producing Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.4061","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hultgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Pontus","family":"F\u00e4llman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Geust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00f6tcenter Viken, Vikens Egendom, 521 91 Falk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Algers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Stilwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Heriberto","family":"Rodriguez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 532 23 Skara, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"4","first-page":"1","volume":"1143","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annex to the EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"5","first-page":"311","volume":"34","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"6","series-title":"IVIS Reviews in Veterinary Medicine","volume-title":"Reproductive performance in high-producing dairy cows: can we sustain it under current practice?","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74177-5","volume":"85","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy 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