{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:03:30Z","timestamp":1792325010770,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,1]],"date-time":"1996-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":846806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,11]]},"DOI":"10.4065\/71.11.1030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T01:08:23Z","timestamp":1232759303000},"page":"1030-1038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Clinical Spectrum of Hyperglucagonemia Associated With Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.4065","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Wermers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahab","family":"Fatourechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry K.","family":"Kvols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1942.01500120037004","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignant tumors","volume":"45","author":"Becker","year":"1942","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syph"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91343-9","article-title":"A glucagonoma syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Mallinson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90059-9","article-title":"Glucagonoma as part of the polyglandular adenoma syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Croughs","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80416-1","article-title":"Pituitary pro-lactinoma, pancreatic glucagonomas, and aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma: a suggested variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I","volume":"18","author":"Gould","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199603000-00002","article-title":"The glucagonoma syndrome: clinical and pathologic features in 21 patients","volume":"75","author":"Wermers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib6","first-page":"778","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of glu-cagon","volume":"56","author":"Unger","year":"1976","journal-title":"PhysiolRev"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90083-1","article-title":"Hyperglucagonemia in diabetic ketoacidosis: its prevalence and significance","volume":"54","author":"Muller","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92290-9","article-title":"Hyperglucagonaemia after burns","volume":"1","author":"Wilmore","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230200015003","article-title":"Pancreatic alpha-cell function in trauma","volume":"227","author":"Lindsey","year":"1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90848-1","article-title":"Serum glucagon and insulin levels and their relationship to blood glucose values in patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary insufficiency","volume":"57","author":"Willerson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304052881402","article-title":"Abnormal pancreatic alpha-cell function in bacterial infections","volume":"288","author":"Rocha","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib12","first-page":"581","article-title":"Hyperglucagonaemia and necrolytic migratory erythema in cirrhosis-possible pseudoglucagonoma syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Doyle","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107624","article-title":"Hyperglucagonemia of renal failure","volume":"53","author":"Bilbrey","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107473","article-title":"Influence of glucocorticoids on glucagon secretion and plasma amino acid concentrations in man","volume":"52","author":"Wise","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib15","first-page":"237","article-title":"The surgical therapy of hyperinsulinism","volume":"3","author":"Whipple","year":"1938","journal-title":"JInt Chir"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(84)90212-2","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of clinically meaningful components of circulating glucagon: removal of big plasma glucagon prior to assay","volume":"140","author":"Hendriks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(88)90272-0","article-title":"Survey of distribution of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, neuro-tensin, met-enkephalin, bombesin and PHI in the spinal cord of cat, dog, sloth and monkey","volume":"9","author":"Yaksh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197303292881301","article-title":"Relations of calcitonin and gastrin in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"288","author":"Sizemore","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60319-X","article-title":"Can plasma human pancreatic polypeptide be used to detect diseases of the exocrine pancreas?","volume":"60","author":"Koch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.12.2.115","article-title":"Immunoassay of insulin: two antibody system; plasma insulin levels of normal, subdiabetic and diabetic rats","volume":"12","author":"Morgan","year":"1963","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/25.7.1267","article-title":"Human corticotropin (ACTH) radioimmunoassay with synthetic 1-24 ACTH","volume":"25","author":"Kao","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/26.7.907","article-title":"Liquid-chromatographic assay of urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, with electrochemical detection","volume":"26","author":"Shihabi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80026-4","article-title":"Endocrine pancreatic tumors","volume":"9","author":"Larsson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib24","first-page":"181","article-title":"Endocrine tumors of the pancreas and their clinical syndromes","volume":"18","author":"Kaplan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surg Annu"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib25","series-title":"Textbook of Endocrinology","first-page":"764","article-title":"Endocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) axis","author":"O'Dorisio","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib26","first-page":"187","article-title":"Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"178","author":"Delcore","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198809083191003","article-title":"Symptomatic secondary hormone syndromes in patients with established malignant pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"319","author":"Wynick","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432532","article-title":"The endocrine cells of the pancreas and related tumours: ultrastructural study and classification","volume":"373","author":"Capella","year":"1977","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198203113061005","article-title":"Tumors of the endocrine pancreas","volume":"306","author":"Friesen","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib30","first-page":"155","article-title":"Pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"183","author":"Kl\u00f6ppel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pathol ResPract"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.37.12.1647","article-title":"Expression of peptide hormone genes in human islet cell tumors","volume":"37","author":"Philippe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198003000-00002","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic aspects of glucagonoma","volume":"59","author":"Leichter","year":"1980","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib33","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas: a twenty-year experience","volume":"104","author":"Thompson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-4-788","article-title":"Deficient counterregulatory hormone responses during hypoglycemia in a patient with insulinoma","volume":"72","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-5-995","article-title":"Counterregulatory adaptation to recurrent hypoglycemia in normal humans","volume":"73","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309163291203","article-title":"Reversibility of unawareness of hypoglycemia in patients with insulinomas","volume":"329","author":"Mitrakou","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197602262940901","article-title":"Hyper-glucagonemia and blood glucose regulation in normal, obese and diabetic subjects","volume":"294","author":"Sherwin","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108523","article-title":"Influence of physiologic hyperglucagonemia on basal and insulin-inhibited splanchnic glucose output in normal man","volume":"58","author":"Felig","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.20.12.834","article-title":"Glucagon and the insulin:glucagon ratio in diabetes and other catabolic illnesses","volume":"20","author":"Unger","year":"1971","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44190-3","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of rare neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"67","author":"Friesen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib41","series-title":"Glucagonoma Tumors and Syndrome","author":"Montenegro-Rodas","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.79.5.1223","article-title":"Clinical review 63: diabetes and pancreatic cancer; clues to the early diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy","volume":"79","author":"Noy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib43","series-title":"Diabetes in America: Diabetes Data Compiled 1984","author":"National Diabetes Data Group","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-142-37165","article-title":"Hyperglyc\u00e9mie and glycogenolytic effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide","volume":"142","author":"Kerins","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-52-5-886","article-title":"Malignant somatostatinoma: clinical features and metabolic studies","volume":"52","author":"Axelrod","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/003693309103600506","article-title":"Meta-static pancreatic polypeptide producing tumour presenting with diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Quin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(05)80172-7","article-title":"APUDomas and diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Buchanan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197703102961003","article-title":"Familial hyperglucagonemia-an auto-somal dominant disorder","volume":"296","author":"Boden","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90858-5","article-title":"A familial glucagonoma syndrome: genetic, clinical and biochemical features","volume":"70","author":"Stacpoole","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108644","article-title":"Secretion by glucagonomas of a possible glucagon precursor","volume":"59","author":"Weir","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib51","first-page":"101","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer is associated with impaired glucose metabolism","volume":"159","author":"Permert","year":"1993","journal-title":"EurJSurg"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910115)67:2<486::AID-CNCR2820670228>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Insulin secretion and action in patients with pancreatic cancer","volume":"67","author":"Cersosimo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195611\/12)9:6<1127::AID-CNCR2820090610>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Diabetes and altered carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cancer","volume":"9","author":"Glicksman","year":"1956","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib54","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Insulin resistance in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"74","author":"Copeland","year":"1987","journal-title":"BrJSurg"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib55","first-page":"115","article-title":"Pancreatic glucagonoma with lymph node m\u00e9tastases: disease-free survival six years after resection","volume":"31","author":"Hendry","year":"1986","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00444-1","article-title":"Glucagonomas and insulinomas","volume":"18","author":"Boden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-2-3-347","article-title":"The glucagonoma syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Stacpoole","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.11.1030_bib58","first-page":"125","article-title":"Clinical aspects of glucagon-producing islet cell tumors","volume":"76","author":"Prinz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611632746?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611632746?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T13:47:47Z","timestamp":1633009667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619611632746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619611632746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/71.11.1030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,11]]}}}