{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:01:57Z","timestamp":1785380517551,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]],"date-time":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":849398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"DOI":"10.4065\/71.12.1162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T01:08:23Z","timestamp":1232759303000},"page":"1162-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Optic Disk Edema With a Macular Star"],"prefix":"10.4065","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Brazis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib1","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Die pseudonephritischen Netzhauterkrankungen, die Retinitis stellata: die Purtschersche Netzhautaffektion nach schwerer Sch\u00e4delverletzung","volume":"Vol 7","author":"Leber","year":"1916"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib2","first-page":"763","article-title":"Diseases of the optic nerve that may simulate macular disease","volume":"83","author":"Gass","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030918013","article-title":"Leber's idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis","volume":"102","author":"Dreyer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030924014","article-title":"Neuroretinitis","volume":"102","author":"Maitland","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib5","first-page":"1038","article-title":"La r\u00e9tinite pseudo-albuminurique de Leber (retinitis stellata)","volume":"194","author":"Ricci","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann Ocul"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(69)94082-3","article-title":"Leber's idiopathic stellate retinopathy","volume":"68","author":"Francois","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000309141","article-title":"Leber's idiopathic stellate maculopathy","volume":"183","author":"Papastratigakis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90706-1","article-title":"Leber's idiopathic stellate retinopathy","volume":"93","author":"Carroll","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520220047015","article-title":"Does neuroretinitis rule out multiple sclerosis?","volume":"44","author":"Parmley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Neural"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1054418","article-title":"Neuroretinitis","volume":"184","author":"Grehn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib11","first-page":"58","article-title":"Leber's idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib12","first-page":"116","article-title":"La neuroretinite stellaire idiopathique de Leber: a propos de neuf cas","volume":"17","author":"Hamard","year":"1994","journal-title":"JFrOphtalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib13","unstructured":"May EF, Levi L, Ng JD, Truxal AR. Rochalimaea neuroretinitis and retinal vasculitis. Presented at the 21st Meeting of the North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society; 1995 Feb; Tucson (AZ)"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6537.1712","article-title":"Papillitis and hepatitis B","volume":"292","author":"Farthing","year":"1986","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90552-9","article-title":"Neuroretinitis associated with herpes simplex encephalitis in an adult","volume":"83","author":"Johnson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)33072-1","article-title":"Acute retinal necrosis syndrome presenting with papillitis and arcuate neuroretinitis","volume":"95","author":"Margolis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1939.00860010134012","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: report of a case","volume":"21","author":"Koch","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1948.tb03190.x","article-title":"A case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus complicated with neuroretinitis","volume":"26","author":"Jensen","year":"1948","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib19","first-page":"405","article-title":"Optic neuritis in a child with herpes zoster","volume":"11","author":"Monroe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00151806","article-title":"Optic neuritis in children: infectious mononucleosis as an etiology","volume":"34","author":"Frey","year":"1973","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib21","first-page":"247","article-title":"Optic neuritis after influenza, with changes in the spinal fluid","volume":"45","author":"Knapp","year":"1916","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1961.00960010741018","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of mumps","volume":"66","author":"Riffenburgh","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib23","series-title":"Neuro-ophthalmology","first-page":"85","author":"Glaser","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76948-X","article-title":"Mumps neuroretinitis in an adolescent","volume":"110","author":"Foster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib25","first-page":"473","article-title":"Coxsackie B virus neuropapillitis","volume":"53","author":"Audry-Chaboud","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Otoneuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.11.1310","article-title":"Coxsackie B5 papillitis [letter]","volume":"52","author":"Spalton","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib27","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Optic neuritis and compressive neuropathy associated with cat scratch disease","volume":"103","author":"Sweeney","year":"1970","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib28","series-title":"Optic Neuritis and Its Differential Diagnosis","first-page":"109","author":"Perkin","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77073-4","article-title":"Neuroretinitis associated with cat scratch disease [letter]","volume":"110","author":"Bar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib30","first-page":"92","article-title":"Neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease","volume":"10","author":"Chrousos","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib31","first-page":"184","article-title":"Treatment of papillo-retinitis and uveitis associated with cat-scratch disease by combination of TCM and modem drugs","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31979-7","article-title":"Cat scratch disease associated with neuroretinitis in a 6-year-old girl","volume":"99","author":"Ulrich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080150021012","article-title":"Peripapillary angiomatosis associated with cat-scratch neuroretinitis [letter]","volume":"110","author":"Fish","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72893-4","article-title":"Ophthalmic manifestations of Rochalimaea species","volume":"118","author":"Golnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199409000-00026","article-title":"Neuroretinitis in cat-scratch disease associated with the macular star [letter]","volume":"13","author":"McCrary","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib36","series-title":"System of Ophthalmology. Vol 10: Diseases of the Retina","first-page":"246","author":"Duke-Elder","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000309629","article-title":"Stellate maculopathy due to Salmonella typhi: a case report","volume":"192","author":"Fusco","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1046420","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi-lnfektion mit beidseitiger Neuritis nervi optici und intrazerebralen Demyelinisierungsherden","volume":"195","author":"Bialasiewicz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32519-8","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of Lyme disease","volume":"97","author":"Lesser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib40","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nherr U, Wilk CM, Lang GE, Naumann GO. Intraocular manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Presented at the Fourth International Conference on Borreliosis; 1990 Jun 18-21; Stockholm"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1045927","article-title":"Bilaterale Lebersche Neuroretinitis stellata bei Borrelia burgdorferi-Serokonversion.","volume":"198","author":"Sch\u00f6nherr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib42","first-page":"W47","article-title":"Augenbefunde bei Lyme-Borreliose","volume":"89","author":"Bialasiewicz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib43","series-title":"Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. Vol 5, Part 1","first-page":"3657","author":"Miller","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib44","first-page":"615","article-title":"Unilateral neuroretinitis of syphilitic origin with a striate figure in the macula","volume":"8","author":"Fewell","year":"1932","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.13.3.216","article-title":"Syphilitic optic neuritis","volume":"13","author":"Graveson","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spirochetes in late seronegative syphilis despite penicillin therapy","volume":"Vol 4","author":"Smith","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(83)90268-4","article-title":"Syphilitic neuroretinitis","volume":"95","author":"Folk","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34045-9","article-title":"Neuroretinitis in acquired syphilis","volume":"92","author":"Arruga","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00166682","article-title":"Neuroretinitis in secondary syphilis","volume":"64","author":"Veldman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32605-2","article-title":"The ocular manifestations of syphilis in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected host","volume":"97","author":"McLeish","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib51","first-page":"2088","article-title":"Three cases of acute syphilitic neuroretinitis","volume":"41","author":"Ninomiya","year":"1990","journal-title":"Folia Ophthalmol Jpn"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib52","first-page":"171","article-title":"Neuroretinitis due to seronegative syphilis associated with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"12","author":"Halperin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34313-5","article-title":"Optic disc edema in the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Beck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(85)90047-5","article-title":"Optic neuritis due to acquired toxoplasmosis","volume":"1","author":"Roach","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib55","first-page":"68","article-title":"Neuroretinitis: an unusual presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"24","author":"Moreno","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)31511-5","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis neuroretinitis","volume":"100","author":"Fish","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib57","first-page":"1385","article-title":"Retinal arterial obstruction in association with presumed Toxocara canis neuroretinitis","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib58","first-page":"109","article-title":"Treatment of toxocaral optic neuritis","volume":"2","author":"Molk","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib59","first-page":"267","article-title":"Bilateral Toxocara optic neuropathy","volume":"3","author":"Cox","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198600620-00005","article-title":"Neuroretinitis in presumed visceral larva migrans","volume":"6","author":"Margo","year":"1986","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib61","series-title":"Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. Vol 5, Part 2","first-page":"4487","author":"Miller","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib62","first-page":"172","article-title":"Optic neuritis in cat scratch disease","volume":"6","author":"Brazis","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Neuro Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100100059029","article-title":"Branch retinal arterial occlusions in multifocal retinitis with optic nerve edema","volume":"113","author":"Cohen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000310477","article-title":"A case of neuroretinitis associated with long-standing polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"208","author":"Matsuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199414020-00012","article-title":"Neuroretinitis associated with melanocytoma of the optic disk","volume":"14","author":"Garcia-Arumi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.4065\/71.12.1162_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090150095030","article-title":"Recurrent neuroretinitis","volume":"112","author":"Purvin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611646971?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611646971?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T08:54:04Z","timestamp":1545468844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619611646971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619611646971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/71.12.1162","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}}}