{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:48:58Z","timestamp":1760122138336},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"DOI":"10.4065\/76.11.1075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]],"date-time":"2012-01-28T18:24:22Z","timestamp":1327775062000},"page":"1075-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Defining Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.4065","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Drake D.","family":"Duane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)98764-1","article-title":"Word-blindness and visual memory","volume":"2","author":"Hinshelwood","year":"1895","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1871.1378","article-title":"A case of congenital word blindness","volume":"2","author":"Morgan","year":"1896","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib3","series-title":"Eine besondere Art der Wortblindheit (dyslexie)","author":"Berlin","year":"1887"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib5","series-title":"International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Susceptibility loci for distinct components of developmental dyslexia on chromosomes 6 and 15","volume":"60","author":"Grigorenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180210","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: four consecutive patients with cortical anomalies","volume":"18","author":"Galaburda","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057179","article-title":"Dyslexia: cultural diversity and biological unity","volume":"291","author":"Paulesu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/301419a0","article-title":"Categorizing sounds and learning to read\u2014a causal connection","volume":"301","author":"Bradley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.3.364","article-title":"Effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children","volume":"84","author":"Torgesen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Educ Psychol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4065\/76.11.1081","article-title":"Incidence of reading disability in a population-based birth cohort, 1976\u20131982, Rochester, Minn","volume":"76","author":"Katusic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib12","first-page":"62082","article-title":"Assistance to states for education for handicapped children: procedures for evaluating specific learning disabilities","volume":"42","author":"US Office of Education","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450080084036","article-title":"Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls: results of the Connecticut Longitudinal Study","volume":"264","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201163260301","article-title":"Evidence that dyslexia may represent the lower tail of a normal distribution of reading ability","volume":"326","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.1.60","article-title":"Use and costs of medical care for children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"285","author":"Leibson","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib16","series-title":"Reading and Attention Disorders: Neurobiological Correlates","first-page":"17","article-title":"Colorado twin study of reading disability","author":"DeFries","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib17","series-title":"Sex Differences in Dyslexia","first-page":"xiii","article-title":"A reaction to the conference on sex differences and dyslexia","author":"Geschwind","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/373607a0","article-title":"Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language","volume":"373","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01027275","article-title":"Kindergarten teachers develop phoneme awareness in low-income, inner-city classrooms: does it make a difference?","volume":"6","author":"Blachman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202501003","article-title":"Discrepancy compared to low achievement definitions of reading disability: results from the Connecticut Longitudinal Study","volume":"25","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib21","series-title":"In the Mind's Eye: Visual Thinkers, Gifted People With Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties, Computer Images, and the Ironies of Creativity","author":"West","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400108","article-title":"Factors associated with employment success among youths with learning disabilities","volume":"24","author":"Siegel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.11.1075_bib23","series-title":"Emotional Problems of the Student","first-page":"185","article-title":"Inability to learn a foreign language","author":"Dinklage","year":"1971"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611624968?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611624968?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T16:20:26Z","timestamp":1543249226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619611624968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619611624968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/76.11.1075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}}}