{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:46:37Z","timestamp":1790930797528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"DOI":"10.4065\/76.12.1237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T01:18:34Z","timestamp":1232759914000},"page":"1237-1252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Current Concepts in the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.4065","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Jameela Abdullah","family":"Al-Khalidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Czaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040641","article-title":"Natural history, clinical features, and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Czaja","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70476-4","article-title":"Diagnosis and therapy of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"80","author":"Czaja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib3","series-title":"Autoimmune Liver Diseases","first-page":"143","article-title":"Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of classical autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","author":"Czaja","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065434","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: evolving concepts and treatment strategies","volume":"40","author":"Czaja","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604043341406","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"334","author":"Krawitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180435","article-title":"Meeting report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","article-title":"International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093820","article-title":"Validation of a scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Czaja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230612","article-title":"Features of autoimmune hepatitis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an evaluation of 114 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients according to a scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Boberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280210","article-title":"Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Czaja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.4.589","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis and its variant syndromes","volume":"49","author":"Ben-Ari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","article-title":"Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199907270-00016","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"68","author":"Milkiewicz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280306","article-title":"Acute hepatic allograft rejection: incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome","volume":"28","author":"Wiesner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166284","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population","volume":"33","author":"Boberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib16","first-page":"A1238","article-title":"Increased severity of autoimmune hepatitis in African-Americans [abstract]","volume":"112","author":"Casanova","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80347-4","article-title":"MHC class II sequences of susceptibility and protection in Mexicans with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"28","author":"Vazquez-Garcia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib18","first-page":"229","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis among the Arab population of Kuwait","volume":"30","author":"Al-Khalidi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kuwait Med J"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120609","article-title":"Association of autoimmune hepatitis with HLA-Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients","volume":"12","author":"Seki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib20","first-page":"1206","article-title":"The validity and importance of subtypes of autoimmune hepatitis: a point of view","volume":"90","author":"Czaja","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib21","first-page":"303","article-title":"Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extreme serum aminotransferase elevation in chronic active hepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Davis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000199332","article-title":"\u201cAcute\u201d autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Crapper","year":"1986","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80251-3","article-title":"The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation","volume":"21","author":"Nikias","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199506000-00010","article-title":"Recentonset autoimmune hepatitis: biopsy findings and clinical correlations [published correction appears in Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:1341]","volume":"19","author":"Burgart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90030-6","article-title":"Autoimmune features as determinants of prognosis in steroidtreated chronic active hepatitis of uncertain etiology","volume":"85","author":"Czaja","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90186-0","article-title":"Development and prognosis of histologic cirrhosis in corticosteroid-treated hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"87","author":"Davis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8608895","article-title":"Prognosis of histological cirrhosis in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"110","author":"Roberts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib28","first-page":"347","article-title":"Identification of the hepatic asialo-glycoprotein receptor (hepatic lectin) as a component of liver specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP)","volume":"55","author":"McFarlane","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040439","article-title":"The asialoglycoprotein receptor as target structure in autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"11","author":"Poralla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110413","article-title":"Autoantibodies to human asialoglycoprotein receptor in autoimmune-type chronic hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Treichel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.161.5.1231","article-title":"Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody recognizes a 50,000 molecular weight protein of the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"161","author":"Alvarez","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115443","article-title":"LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cyto-chrome P-450 monooxygenase","volume":"88","author":"Manns","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.5.1353","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 1A2 is a hepatic autoantigen in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1","volume":"82","author":"Clemente","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70484-6","article-title":"Two cytochromes P450 are major hepatocellular autoantigens in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1","volume":"114","author":"Clemente","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91966-6","article-title":"Recognition of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferases by LKM-3 antibodies in chronic hepatitis D","volume":"344","author":"Philipp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260438","article-title":"Cytochromes P450 and uridine triphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases: model autoantigens to study drug-induced, virus-induced, and autoimmune liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Manns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70485-8","article-title":"Members of the glutathione S-transferase gene family are antigens in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"114","author":"Wesierska-Gadek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70186-1","article-title":"Formiminotrans-ferase cyclodeaminase is an organ-specific autoantigen recognized by sera of patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"116","author":"Lapierre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00754.x","article-title":"Argininosuccinate lyase: a new autoantigen in liver disease","volume":"114","author":"Pelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8654","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.22.8654","article-title":"Identification and analysis of the major M2 autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"85","author":"Fussey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.11.3815","article-title":"Antimitochondrial antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis recognize dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase and inhibit enzyme function of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex","volume":"142","author":"Fregeau","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80096-8","article-title":"Behavior and significance of autoantibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90078-7","article-title":"Patterns of nuclear immunofluorescence and reactivities to recombinant nuclear antigens in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"107","author":"Czaja","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80308-4","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to histones in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Czaja","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00673.x","article-title":"Characterization of anti-histone antibodies in patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018809431189","article-title":"Anti-nuclear antibodies and patterns of nuclear immunofluorescence in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Czaja","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib47","first-page":"993","article-title":"Detection of antinuclear antibodies: comparative evaluation of enzyme immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence methods","volume":"122","author":"Homburger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.20223","article-title":"Autoantibodies in liver disease","volume":"120","author":"Czaja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34365-3","article-title":"Smooth muscle autoantibody in \u201cautoimmune\u201d hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Whittingham","year":"1966","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib50","first-page":"621","article-title":"Smooth muscle autoantibodies and autoantigens","volume":"38","author":"Toh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-3528(95)90058-6","article-title":"Autoantibodies","volume":"9","author":"Czaja","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240515","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to actin in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"24","author":"Czaja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90291-3","article-title":"Anti-actin antibodies: a new test for an old problem","volume":"130","author":"Fusconi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230525","article-title":"Heat serum inactivation as a mandatory procedure for antiactin antibody detection in cell culture","volume":"23","author":"Cancado","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90215-5","article-title":"High-titer antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in type-1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"108","author":"Targan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250510","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in type 1 and 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Zauli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80007-4","article-title":"Actin is a target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune hepatitis type-1","volume":"26","author":"Orth","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280207","article-title":"Atypical antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with perinuclear fluorescence in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and hepatobiliary disorders colocalize with nuclear lamina proteins","volume":"28","author":"Terjung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib59","first-page":"428A","article-title":"Autoneutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and chronic liver disease [abstract]","volume":"30","author":"Labrecque","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91167-X","article-title":"Antibodies to liver-specific protein predict outcome of treatment withdrawal in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"McFarlane","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088738","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"41","author":"Czaja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070626","article-title":"Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver\/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of \u201cautoimmune\u201d hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Homberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91518-9","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to liver\/kidney microsome type 1 in adults with chronic active hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Czaja","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120120","article-title":"Patients with type II autoimmune hepatitis express functionally intact cytochrome P-450 db1 that is inhibited by LKM-1 autoantibodies in vitro but not in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Manns","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb08164.x","article-title":"Clonal analysis of liver-infiltrating T cells in patients with LKM-1 antibody-positive autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"84","author":"Lohr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5980","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: the investigational and clinical challenges","volume":"31","author":"Czaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250308","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: a 20-year experience","volume":"25","author":"Gregorio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199007000-00027","article-title":"Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis presenting as fulminant liver failure","volume":"11","author":"Porta","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160304","article-title":"Liver\/kidney microsome antibody type 1 and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"16","author":"Lunel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90657-X","article-title":"Characterization of the anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody (anti-LKM1) from hepatitis C virus-positive and -negative sera","volume":"104","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90417-0","article-title":"Analysis of hepatitis C virus genome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2","volume":"106","author":"Michitaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80408-8","article-title":"Analysis of the hepatitis C virus genome in patients with anti-LKM-1 autoantibodies","volume":"21","author":"Gerotto","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080632","article-title":"Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2","volume":"8","author":"Martini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160407","article-title":"Characterization of the liver cytosol antigen type 1 reacting with autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis","volume":"16","author":"Abuaf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib75","first-page":"58","article-title":"Anti-liver cytosolic antigen type 1 (LC1) antibodies in childhood autoimmune liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.721","article-title":"Liver\/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 and liver cytosol antibody type 1 concentrations in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Muratori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92024-1","article-title":"Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen","volume":"1","author":"Manns","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180102","article-title":"Characterization and clinical relevance of liver-pancreas antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"18","author":"Stechemesser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02166-8","article-title":"Identification of target antigen for SLA\/LP autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Wies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01280.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding the antigenic protein of the human tRNP(Ser)Sec complex recognized by autoantibodies from patients with type-1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"121","author":"Costa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E","article-title":"Antibodies to soluble liver antigen, P450IID6, and mitochondrial complexes in chronic hepatitis","volume":"105","author":"Czaja","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80342-0","article-title":"Clinical significance of autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Kanzler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4, pt 2","key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib83","first-page":"166A","article-title":"Establishment of standardized SLA\/LP immunoassays: SLA\/LP positive autoimmune hepatitis occurs worldwide [abstract]","volume":"32","author":"Baeres","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib84","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Donaldson PT, Lohse AW. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen\/liver pancreas and HLA risk factors in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. In press."},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130415","article-title":"Susceptibility to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: human leukocyte antigens DR4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors","volume":"13","author":"Donaldson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190311","article-title":"Allelic sequence variation in the HLA class II genes and proteins in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"19","author":"Doherty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178696","article-title":"Allelic basis for HLA-encoded susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"112","author":"Strettell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250211","article-title":"Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"Czaja","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91095-N","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic implications of HLA B8 in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"98","author":"Czaja","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150208","article-title":"Prognostic features and role of liver transplantation in severe corticosteroid-treated autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Sanchez-Urdazpal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90157-8","article-title":"Significance of HLA DR4 in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"105","author":"Czaja","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90041-V","article-title":"HLA class II molecules and autoimmune hepatitis susceptibility in Japanese patients","volume":"103","author":"Seki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017401.x","article-title":"Genetic susceptibilities for immune expression and liver cell injury in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"174","author":"Czaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib94","series-title":"Immunology and the Liver: Autoimmunity","first-page":"73","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of autoimmune-mediated liver damage","author":"Czaja","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03707.x","article-title":"Understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"96","author":"Czaja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib96","unstructured":"Czaja AJ. Chronic liver disease. In: King RA, Rotter JI, Motulsky AG, eds. The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. In press."},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005670111068","article-title":"Shared genetic risk factors in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Czaja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(94)90008-6","article-title":"Chronic active autoimmune hepatitis in children: strong association with a particular HLA-DR6 (DRB1*1301) haplotype","volume":"41","author":"Fainboim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300611","article-title":"Pediatric and adult forms of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Argentina: evidence for differential genetic predisposition","volume":"30","author":"Pando","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01229.x","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity in susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2","volume":"94","author":"Bittencourt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018836004279","article-title":"Immune phenotype of chronic liver disease","volume":"43","author":"Czaja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1277","article-title":"A gender gap in autoimmunity","volume":"283","author":"Whitacre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300412","article-title":"Frequency and nature of cytokine gene polymorphisms in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Cookson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70458-0","article-title":"Cytokine polymorphisms associated with clinical features and treatment outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"117","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310110","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4, pt 2","key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib106","first-page":"164A","article-title":"Fas (CD95\/APO-1) promotor and CCR5 polymorphisms in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis [abstract]","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90427-8","article-title":"Immunogenetics of chronic liver diseases","volume":"106","author":"Manns","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib108","first-page":"2197","article-title":"Genetic distinctions between types 1 and 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"Czaja","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80096-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"53","author":"McFarlane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198211183072102","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroids on suppressor-cell activity in \u201cautoimmune\u201d and viral chronic active hepatitis","volume":"307","author":"Nouri-Aria","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005506031717","article-title":"Nature and behavior of serum cytokines in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Czaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91122-K","article-title":"Serum levels of cytokines in chronic liver diseases","volume":"103","author":"Tilg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90068-Q","article-title":"Cytokine profile of viral and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"al-Wabel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1994.tb00067.x","article-title":"Phenotypical analysis and cytokine release of liver-infiltrating and peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis of different etiology","volume":"14","author":"Lohr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib115","first-page":"428A","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence for Th1 cytokine predominance in the liver of children with autoimmune hepatitis [abstract]","volume":"30","author":"Ismail","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259034","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: current therapeutic concepts","volume":"1","author":"Czaja","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Immunother"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib117","series-title":"Autoimmune Liver Diseases","first-page":"499","article-title":"Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","author":"Czaja","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199957010-00005","article-title":"Drug therapy in the management of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(74)80147-2","article-title":"Chronic active liver disease reexamined: prognosis hopeful","volume":"66","author":"Summerskill","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33223-8","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis","volume":"63","author":"Soloway","year":"1972","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076196","article-title":"Severe chronic active liver disease: prognostic significance of initial morphologic patterns","volume":"22","author":"Schalm","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib122","first-page":"51","article-title":"Long term follow-up and management of asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Fevery","year":"1983","journal-title":"Contemp Issues Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067264","article-title":"Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Cook","year":"1971","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92125-9","article-title":"Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Murray-Lyon","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060302","article-title":"The prognosis of chronic active hepatitis without cirrhosis in relation to bridging necrosis","volume":"6","author":"Cooksley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22131","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis\/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16-year prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Gregorio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91701-0","article-title":"Prognosis of corticosteroid-treated hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis in postmenopausal women: a retrospective analysis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4, pt 1","key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90212-9","article-title":"Development and early prognosis of esophageal varices in severe chronic active liver disease (CALD) treated with prednisone","volume":"77","author":"Czaja","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.11.876","article-title":"Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared","volume":"16","author":"Summerskill","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80477-1","article-title":"Treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in childhood","volume":"104","author":"Maggiore","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02761871","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"62","author":"Roberts","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199311000-00007","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis associated with anti-actin antibodies in children and adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Maggiore","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70339-2","article-title":"Efficacy of cyclosporin A in children with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"135","author":"Debray","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80065-8","article-title":"Short-term cyclosporine induces a remission of autoimmune hepatitis in children","volume":"30","author":"Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(96)00223-0","article-title":"Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: a 12-year experience","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib136","first-page":"17","article-title":"Liver transplantation in the United States from 1987\u20131998: updated results from the Pitt-UNOS Liver Transplant Registry","author":"Seaberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.21449","article-title":"Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Gonzalez-Koch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198404000-00009","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis following orthotopic liver grafting","volume":"37","author":"Neuberger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199201000-00027","article-title":"Disease recurrence and rejection following liver transplantation for autoimmune chronic active liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Wright","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500010305","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis following liver transplantation","volume":"1","author":"Devlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199707000-00003","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis in children after liver transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Birnbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199812270-00013","article-title":"Outcome of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"66","author":"Prados","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(98)01692-3","article-title":"Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Gotz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80017-8","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: evidence of recurrence of primary disease","volume":"30","author":"Ratziu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500040313","article-title":"Allograft rejection after liver transplantation for autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"4","author":"Hayashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050512","article-title":"The immunoreactive propensity of autoimmune hepatitis: is it corticosteroid-dependent after liver transplantation? [editorial]","volume":"5","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90503-3","article-title":"Features reflective of early prognosis in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"95","author":"Czaja","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511303332201","article-title":"Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"333","author":"Liberman","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70098-2","article-title":"Etidronate versus fluoride for treatment of osteopenia in primary biliary cirrhosis: preliminary results after 2 years","volume":"113","author":"Guanabens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90212-4","article-title":"Bone loss in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis on maintenance corticosteroid therapy","volume":"89","author":"Stellon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90126-8","article-title":"Laboratory assessment of severe chronic active liver disease during and after corticosteroid therapy: correlation of serum transaminase and gamma globulin levels with histologic features","volume":"80","author":"Czaja","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040409","article-title":"Complete resolution of inflammatory activity following corticosteroid treatment of HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Czaja","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib153","first-page":"221","article-title":"Failure of customary treatment in chronic active liver disease: causes and management","volume":"8","author":"Schalm","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8536867","article-title":"The successful treatment of autoimmune hepatitis with 6-mercaptopurine after failure with azathioprine","volume":"110","author":"Pratt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90862-6","article-title":"Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy of severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"Czaja","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90866-5","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis of severe chronic active liver disease (CALD) after corticosteroid-induced remission","volume":"78","author":"Czaja","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198101013040102","article-title":"Corticosteroid-treated chronic active hepatitis in remission: uncertain prognosis of chronic persistent hepatitis","volume":"304","author":"Czaja","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030510","article-title":"Relapse following treatment withdrawal in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"3","author":"Hegarty","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110621","article-title":"Low-dose corticosteroid therapy after multiple relapses of severe HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Czaja","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510123331502","article-title":"Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"333","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80271-8","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis in patients resistant to or intolerant of azathioprine","volume":"33","author":"Richardson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb123140.x","article-title":"Cyclosporin, a new treatment for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"143","author":"Mistilis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90454-9","article-title":"Cyclosporine treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"93","author":"Hyams","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.3.459","article-title":"Cyclosporin in the treatment of corticosteroid resistant autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"36","author":"Jackson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00807.x","article-title":"Cyclosporine therapy in patients with steroid resistant autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"94","author":"Fernandes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib166","first-page":"771","article-title":"Tacrolimus: a potential new treatment for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: results of an open-label preliminary trial","volume":"90","author":"Van Thiel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.0010000001","article-title":"Failure of budesonide in a pilot study of treatment-dependent autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"119","author":"Czaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300603","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid as adjunctive therapy for problematic type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial","volume":"30","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00674.x","article-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Nakamura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00667.x","article-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis [editorial]","volume":"13","author":"Heathcote","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib171","series-title":"Immunology and Liver","first-page":"311","article-title":"Therapy of autoimmune hepatitis\u2014state of the art","author":"Czaja","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5465.505","article-title":"A structural framework for deciphering the link between I-Ag7 and autoimmune diabetes","volume":"288","author":"Corper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80366-0","article-title":"The emerging role of CTLA-4 as an immune attenuator","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906033402209","article-title":"The new immunology\u2014the end of immunosuppressive drug therapy? [editorial]","volume":"340","author":"Schwartz","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270611","article-title":"Suppression of murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis by T-cell vaccination or immunosuppression","volume":"27","author":"Lohse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00073.x","article-title":"Tolerance induction as a therapeutic strategy for the control of autoimmune endocrine disease in mouse models","volume":"144","author":"Parish","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050433","article-title":"Oral tolerance in the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases","volume":"48","author":"Wardrop","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib178","series-title":"Immunology and Liver","first-page":"376","article-title":"Gene therapy for autoimmune diseases","author":"Touhy","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005638500236","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080635","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib181","first-page":"718","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma complicating autoimmune hepatitis: role of hepatitis C virus","volume":"22","author":"Ryder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4065\/76.12.1237_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100110","article-title":"Extrahepatic malignancy following long-term immunosuppressive therapy of severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611628012?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611628012?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T12:23:09Z","timestamp":1709986989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619611628012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619611628012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/76.12.1237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}}}