{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:01:03Z","timestamp":1697673663467},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.4065\/82.2.219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T01:29:19Z","timestamp":1232760559000},"page":"219-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Historical Perspectives in Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: Defining the Right Dose and Duration"],"prefix":"10.4065","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Michelle P.","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05847","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone therapy: from monkey glands to transdermal patches","volume":"185","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1923.02650100027012","article-title":"An ovarian hormone: preliminary report on its localization, extraction and purification and action in test animals","volume":"81","author":"Allen","year":"1923","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192911000-00006","article-title":"Clinical observations on the use of an ovarian hormone: anmoitin","volume":"178","author":"Severinghaus","year":"1929","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.15.s4.11.16","article-title":"Estrogen\/hormone replacement therapy present and past","volume":"15","author":"Schmidt-Gollwitzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-217-44198","article-title":"Overview of estrogen replacement therapy: a historical perspective","volume":"217","author":"Ettinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197512042932302","article-title":"Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma","volume":"293","author":"Smith","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197512042932303","article-title":"Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens","volume":"293","author":"Ziel","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08233-0","article-title":"Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer [published correction appears in Lancet. 1997; 350:1484]","volume":"350","author":"Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011203032102","article-title":"Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen","volume":"303","author":"Weiss","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00002","article-title":"Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women","volume":"122","author":"Cauley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.6.1102","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study","volume":"75","author":"Bush","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198510243131703","article-title":"A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart disease","volume":"313","author":"Stampfer","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-12-1016","article-title":"Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women","volume":"117","author":"Grady","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1701","article-title":"Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"291","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/cmt.4.2.110.119","article-title":"Is low-dose hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women efficacious and desirable?","volume":"4","author":"Lobo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib17","first-page":"203","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin: clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists, Number 50, January 2004","volume":"103","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Practice Bulletins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6, pt 1","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000145876.76178.dc","article-title":"Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of the North American Menopause Society","volume":"11","author":"North American Menopause Society","year":"2004","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-869487","article-title":"Lower doses of oral estrogen and progestogens as treatment for postmenopausal women","volume":"23","author":"Archer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01791-5","article-title":"Relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate","volume":"75","author":"Utian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.20.2668","article-title":"Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women","volume":"287","author":"Lindsay","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5703.203","article-title":"Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives: a report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs","volume":"2","author":"Inman","year":"1970","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280410045016","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and nonfatal myocardial infarction","volume":"239","author":"Jick","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-1-58","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and nonfatal stroke in healthy young women","volume":"89","author":"Jick","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4, suppl","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.061","article-title":"Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception","volume":"190","author":"Burkman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb15397.x","article-title":"Is oral contraceptive use still associated with an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction? report of a case-control study","volume":"98","author":"Thorogood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115799","article-title":"Oral contraceptive estrogen dose and the risk of deep venous thromboembolic disease","volume":"133","author":"Gerstman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib28","first-page":"1","volume":"877","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception: report of a WHO Scientific Group"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608153350701","article-title":"Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1406]","volume":"335","author":"Grodstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00008","article-title":"A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"133","author":"Grodstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.7.605","article-title":"Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women","volume":"280","author":"Hulley","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.1.49","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen\/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)","volume":"288","author":"Grady","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030808","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"349","author":"Manson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020239211145","article-title":"Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States)","volume":"13","author":"Morimoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.3.357","article-title":"Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease: the Women's Health Initiative [published correction appears in Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:759]","volume":"166","author":"Hsia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.35","article-title":"Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation","volume":"15","author":"Grodstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.5.482","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiovascular event rates with hormone therapy in healthy, early postmenopausal women: results from 2 large clinical trials","volume":"164","author":"Lobo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2673","article-title":"Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial","volume":"289","author":"Wassertheil-Smoller","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I48","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00034","article-title":"Summaries for patients: postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy to prevent chronic conditions: recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"137","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.13.1573","article-title":"Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis","volume":"292","author":"Cushman","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07114-0","article-title":"Risk of hospital admission for idiopathic venous thromboembolism among users of postmenopausal oestrogens","volume":"348","author":"Jick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07113-9","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy","volume":"348","author":"Daly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7083.796","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: population based case-control study","volume":"314","author":"Perez","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.4.328","article-title":"Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin","volume":"92","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.4.485","article-title":"Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk [published correction appears in JAMA. 2000;284:2597]","volume":"283","author":"Schairer","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530020055032","article-title":"Combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women","volume":"274","author":"Stanford","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117717","article-title":"Long-term hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women [published correction appears in Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:527]","volume":"142","author":"Newcomb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3243","article-title":"Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial","volume":"289","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690306","article-title":"Risk factors for breast cancer in nulliparous women","volume":"79","author":"Fioretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013202","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer","volume":"346","author":"Marchbanks","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.11.038","article-title":"Cancer risk associated with early and late maternal age at first birth","volume":"96","author":"Merrill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020617415381","article-title":"Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk: the Women's Health Study (United States)","volume":"13","author":"Porch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib53","first-page":"419","article-title":"Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study [published correction appears in Lancet. 2003;362:1160]","volume":"362","author":"Million Women Study Collaborators","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540010035027","article-title":"Effect of age, breast density, and family history on the sensitivity of first screening mammography","volume":"276","author":"Kerlikowske","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-3-200302040-00008","article-title":"Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:771]","volume":"138","author":"Carney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib56","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Boyd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008935821885","article-title":"Effects of mammographic density and benign breast disease on breast cancer risk (United States)","volume":"12","author":"Byrne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji279","article-title":"Estrogen-plus-progestin use and mammographic density in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative randomized trial","volume":"97","author":"McTiernan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590400030004","article-title":"Is mammographic density, as currently measured, a robust surrogate marker for breast cancer?","volume":"21","author":"Yaffe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.1.30","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density","volume":"95","author":"Greendale","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2005.08.012","article-title":"The effect of low dose hormone therapy on mammographic breast density","volume":"54","author":"Christodoulakos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300030033017","article-title":"Endometrial cancer in relation to patterns of menopausal estrogen use","volume":"242","author":"Weiss","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00577-2","article-title":"Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of low-dose, unopposed estrogens","volume":"91","author":"Cushing","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01828-3","article-title":"Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate","volume":"76","author":"Pickar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)01167-1","article-title":"Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results","volume":"80","author":"Pickar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440430091011","article-title":"Low-dose esterified estrogen therapy: effects on bone, plasma estradiol concentrations, endometrium, and lipid levels","volume":"157","author":"Genant","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130400012288","article-title":"Effects of low-dose hormone therapy on menopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, endometrium, and the cardiovascular system: a review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Peeyananjarassri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540170041030","article-title":"The comparative effect on bone density, endometrium, and lipids of continuous hormones as replacement therapy (CHART Study): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"276","author":"Speroff","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"suppl 12B","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.035","article-title":"Vasomotor symptom relief versus unwanted effects: role of estrogen dosage","volume":"118","author":"Ettinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00305-6","article-title":"Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen\/Progestin Interventions Trial","volume":"92","author":"Greendale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01792-7","article-title":"Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial bleeding","volume":"75","author":"Archer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-199704030-00003","article-title":"Low-dose unopposed estrogens: preliminary findings on the frequency and duration of vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women receiving esterified estrogens over a two-year period","volume":"4","author":"Trabal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70438-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low, standard, and high dosages of an estradiol transdermal system (Esclim) compared with placebo on vasomotor symptoms in highly symptomatic menopausal patients","volume":"181","author":"Utian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00643-2","article-title":"Initial 17beta-estradiol dose for treating vasomotor symptoms","volume":"95","author":"Notelovitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4462","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.12.4462","article-title":"The effect of low dose micronized 17\u03b2-estradiol on bone turnover, sex hormone levels, and side effects in older women: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"85","author":"Prestwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)00941-8","article-title":"Vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women taking low-dose norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol combinations","volume":"96","author":"Symons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(01)00276-6","article-title":"The efficacy of two dosages of a continuous combined hormone replacement regimen","volume":"41","author":"Loh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1089\/154099903322447701","article-title":"Low-dose estrogen therapy for menopausal women: a review of efficacy and safety","volume":"12","author":"Crandall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"4, pt 1","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00272-4","article-title":"Efficacy and local tolerance of a low-dose, 7-day matrix estradiol transdermal system in the treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms","volume":"88","author":"Speroff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200209000-00007","article-title":"Effectiveness of Alora estradiol matrix transdermal delivery system in improving lumbar bone mineral density in healthy, postmenopausal women","volume":"9","author":"Notelovitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1185\/030079902125000291","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose transdermal estrogen (Oesclim) in the treatment of menopausal symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Gadomska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(94)00865-5","article-title":"Low-dose 17 beta-oestradiol during maintenance therapy\u2014a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study","volume":"21","author":"Nilsson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"1, pt 1","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70378-2","article-title":"A one-year multicenter study of efficacy and safety of a continuous, low-dose, estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital aging","volume":"174","author":"Henriksson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200007050-00005","article-title":"Suppression of vasomotor and vulvovaginal symptoms with continuous oral 17beta-estradiol","volume":"7","author":"Notelovitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000157116.23249.52","article-title":"Uterine and vaginal effects of unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol","volume":"105","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540170033029","article-title":"Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the postmenopausal estrogen\/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial","volume":"276","author":"Writing Group for the PEPI Trial","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.13.1729","article-title":"Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial","volume":"290","author":"Cauley","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-5002","article-title":"Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporisis, part V: meta-analysis of the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in treating and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"23","author":"Wells","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200310030-00012","article-title":"Effect of low-dose transdermal E2\/NETA on the reduction of postmenopausal bone loss in women","volume":"10","author":"Rubinacci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000137833.43248.79","article-title":"Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on bone mineral density: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"104","author":"Ettinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00313-0","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of four doses of transdermal estradiol for preventing postmenopausal bone loss","volume":"94","author":"Weiss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590600624291","article-title":"Similar efficacy of low and standard doses of transdermal estradiol in controlling bone turnover in postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Garcia-Perez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.1.47","article-title":"National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence","volume":"291","author":"Hersh","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5, pt 1","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000143826.38439.af","article-title":"Hormone therapy prescribing patterns in the United States","volume":"104","author":"Buist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib95","article-title":"Changes in pattern of use, clinical characteristics and persistence rate of hormone replacement therapy among postmenopausal women after the WHI publication","author":"Guay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00063-7","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Grodstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.9.688","article-title":"Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on cognitive function and dementia","volume":"279","author":"Yaffe","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.2.183","article-title":"Symptom experience after discontinuing use of estrogen plus progestin","volume":"294","author":"Ockene","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"suppl 12B","key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.051","article-title":"Discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy [abstract]","volume":"118","author":"Grady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obstetgynecol.2003.09.025","article-title":"Predictors of difficulty when discontinuing postmenopausal hormone therapy","volume":"102","author":"Grady","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.02.095","article-title":"The Women's Health Initiative could not have detected cardioprotective effects of starting hormone therapy during the menopausal transition","volume":"81","author":"Naftolin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.059","article-title":"An update: spontaneous premature ovarian failure is not an early menopause","volume":"83","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(97)00207-X","article-title":"Age at natural menopause and mortality","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00425-8","article-title":"Does age at natural menopause affect mortality from ischemic heart disease?","volume":"50","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/82.2.219_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000167394.38215.56","article-title":"Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease","volume":"106","author":"Parker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611610021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611610021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T14:09:41Z","timestamp":1558102181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619611610021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619611610021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/82.2.219","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}