{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1785186035979,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mayoclinicproceedings.org","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,3]],"date-time":"2011-12-03T04:27:38Z","timestamp":1322886458000},"page":"1198-1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Rethinking Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.4065","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Finkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregary D.","family":"Marhefka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib1","series-title":"Cocaine","first-page":"11","author":"Gold","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib2","series-title":"Cocaine: Scientific and Social Dimensions","first-page":"7","author":"Bock","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib4","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (DHS)"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib5","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (DHS)"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib6","first-page":"17","article-title":"The validity of self-reported drug use in survey research: an overview and critique of research methods","volume":"167","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib7","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (DHS)"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90142-A","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of intranasal cocaine in humans","volume":"20","author":"Boehrer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00343-5","article-title":"The effects of escalating doses of smoked cocaine in humans","volume":"70","author":"Foltin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4279","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1126\/science.841307","article-title":"Acute systemic effects of cocaine in man: a controlled study by intranasal and intravenous routes","volume":"195","author":"Resnick","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24216-1","article-title":"Acute tolerance development to the cardiovascular and subjective effects of cocaine","volume":"235","author":"Fischman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/187604a0","article-title":"Effect of Cocaine on the disposition of noradrenaline labeled with tritium","volume":"187","author":"Whitby","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1961.tb01095.x","article-title":"Effect of cocaine and related drugs on the uptake of noradrenaline by heart and spleen","volume":"16","author":"Muscholl","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104714","article-title":"Mechanism of the blood pressure\u2013raising effect of cocaine in humans","volume":"105","author":"Tuncel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90617-I","article-title":"Alleviation of cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction by nitroglycerin","volume":"18","author":"Brogan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199402173300702","article-title":"Coronary-artery vasoconstriction induced by cocaine, cigarette smoking, or both","volume":"330","author":"Moliterno","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90212-8","article-title":"Influence of labetalol on cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction in humans","volume":"94","author":"Boehrer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90292-9","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of amounts of coronary arterial narrowing in cocaine addicts","volume":"65","author":"Dressler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000165121.50527.DE","article-title":"Increased prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms among cocaine users","volume":"111","author":"Satran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-5-65","article-title":"Acute left main coronary artery thrombosis due to cocaine use","volume":"5","author":"Apostolakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq229","article-title":"Cocaine-induced epicardial coronary artery thrombosis resulting in extensive myocardial injury assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"31","author":"Robaei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(08)70607-X","article-title":"Left main coronary artery occlusion with myocardial infarction in a cocaine user. Successful angioplasty with a drug-eluting stent","volume":"24","author":"Mongeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.83.6.688","article-title":"Cocaine activates platelets and increases the formation of circulating platelet containing microaggregates in humans","volume":"83","author":"Heesch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1336","article-title":"Intravenous cocaine induces platelet activation in the conscious dog","volume":"91","author":"Kugelmass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02289-0","article-title":"Effect of cocaine usage on C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen","volume":"89","author":"Siegel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-008-9025-z","article-title":"Molecular analysis of cocaine-induced endothelial dysfunction: role of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide","volume":"8","author":"Pradhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.06.004","article-title":"The importance of endothelin-1 for vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease","volume":"76","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.5.1664","article-title":"Statement on smoking and cardiovascular disease for healthcare professionals","volume":"86","author":"Jonas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.08.052","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in cocaine-induced myocarditis with involvement of bundle of His and left bundle branch","volume":"112","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib30","first-page":"842","article-title":"Direct cocaine cardiotoxicity demonstrated by endomyocardial biopsy","volume":"113","author":"Peng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.145201","article-title":"Chronic cocaine-induced cardiac oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation: the role of Nox2 oxidase","volume":"328","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2323","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00822.2004","article-title":"Cocaine and catecholamines enhance inflammatory cell retention in the coronary circulation of mice by upregulation of adhesion molecules","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960130505","article-title":"Unrecognized left ventricular dysfunction in an apparently healthy cocaine abuse population","volume":"13","author":"Bertolet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.1.147","article-title":"Immediate effects of intravenous cocaine on the thoracic aorta and coronary arteries: a transesophageal echocardiographic study","volume":"110","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810490471361","article-title":"Cocaine induces apoptosis in primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells: possible relationship to aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, and hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.105.13.1529","article-title":"Cocaine-related aortic dissection in perspective","volume":"105","author":"Eagle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012524.44897.3A","article-title":"Acute aortic dissection induced by crack cocaine","volume":"105","author":"Hsue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.05.040","article-title":"Acute aortic dissection associated with use of cocaine","volume":"46","author":"Daniel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib39","first-page":"469","article-title":"Acute cardiac ischemia in patients with cocaine-associated complaints: results of a multicenter trial","volume":"36","author":"Feldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1994.tb02639.x","article-title":"Prospective multicenter evaluation of cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"1","author":"Hollander","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90484-U","article-title":"Cocaine-related medical problems: consecutive series of 233 patients","volume":"88","author":"Brody","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib42","series-title":"Cocaine Pharmacology, Physiology and Clinical Strategy","first-page":"35","author":"Lakowski","year":"1992"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430100117013","article-title":"Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction: mortality and complications","volume":"155","author":"Hollander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199310000-00008","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of cocaine and its metabolites on cardiovascular function in anesthetized rats","volume":"22","author":"Erzouki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-7-556","article-title":"Recurrent coronary vasoconstriction caused by intranasal cocaine: possible role for metabolites","volume":"116","author":"Brogan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90217-Y","article-title":"Cocaethylene: a neuropharmacologically active metabolite associated with concurrent cocaine-ethanol ingestion","volume":"48","author":"Jatlow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90222-N","article-title":"Cocaethylene is more potent than cocaine in mediating lethality","volume":"39","author":"Hearn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120014642","article-title":"Cocaethylene's effects on coronary artery blood flow and cardiac function in a canine model","volume":"40","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00443.x","article-title":"Cocaine and ethanol: combined effects on coronary artery blood flow and myocardial function in dogs","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq504","article-title":"Acute coronary syndrome and cocaine use: 8-year prevalence and inhospital outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Carrillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2006.01.010","article-title":"Cocaine-induced chest pain","volume":"26","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90529-A","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction and chest pain syndromes after cocaine use","volume":"66","author":"Amin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812103392407","article-title":"Carvedilol","volume":"339","author":"Frishman","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.183","article-title":"Beneficial effects of intravenous and oral carvedilol treatment in acute myocardial infarction: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"96","author":"Basu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70089-4","article-title":"Effect of recent cocaine use on the specificity of cardiac markers for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"135","author":"Hollander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.9.10.1007","article-title":"Utility of troponin I in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"9","author":"Kontos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(02)00660-1","article-title":"Coronary angiographic findings in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"24","author":"Kontos","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.02.009","volume":"57","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.03.004","article-title":"Application of the TIMI risk score in ED patients with cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"25","author":"Chase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022206","article-title":"Validation of a brief observation period for patients with cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"348","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.07.018","article-title":"One-year medical outcomes and emergency department recidivism after emergency department observation for cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"53","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib62","first-page":"639","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m sestamibi in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"33","author":"Kontos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2009.00459.x","article-title":"One-year outcomes following coronary computerized tomographic angiography for evaluation of emergency department patients with potential acute coronary syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Hollander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161220","article-title":"Coronary computerized tomography angiography for rapid discharge of low-risk patients with cocaine-associated chest pain","volume":"5","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000134791.68010.FA","volume":"110","author":"Antman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511093331907","article-title":"The management of cocaine-associated myocardial ischemia","volume":"333","author":"Hollander","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188950","article-title":"Management of cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology","volume":"117","author":"McCord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02065.x","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of diazepam, nitroglycerin, or both for treatment of patients with potential cocaine-associated acute coronary syndromes","volume":"7","author":"Baumann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2003.50010","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of benzodiazepines and nitroglycerin or nitroglycerin alone in the treatment of cocaine-associated acute coronary syndromes","volume":"21","author":"Honderick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248409358409","article-title":"Effects of labetalol on hemodynamic parameters and soluble biomarkers of inflammation in acute coronary syndrome in patients with active cocaine use","volume":"15","author":"Hoskins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90684-X","article-title":"Alleviation of cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction with intravenous verapamil","volume":"73","author":"Negus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(89)90246-5","article-title":"Potentiation of cocaine toxicity with calcium channel blockers","volume":"7","author":"Derlet","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508223130816","article-title":"A calcium-channel blocker as antidote to the cardiac effects of cocaine intoxication","volume":"313","author":"Nahas","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib74","first-page":"57","article-title":"Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1","volume":"2","author":"First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10G","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90690-3","article-title":"Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction: patient population","volume":"56","author":"The MIAMI Trial Research Group","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-12-897","article-title":"Potentiation of cocaine, induced coronary vasoconstriction by beta adrenergic blockade","volume":"112","author":"Lange","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.3.939","article-title":"Cholinergic modulation of the coronary vasoconstriction induced by cocaine in conscious dogs","volume":"87","author":"Shannon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00795059","article-title":"Attenuation of the systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of cocaine in conscious dogs: propranolol versus labetolol","volume":"87","author":"Kenny","year":"1992","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24753-X","article-title":"Propranolol promotes cocaine-induced spasm of porcine coronary artery","volume":"257","author":"Vargas","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"7986","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90718-2","article-title":"Propranolol in cocaine toxicity [letter]","volume":"2","author":"Rappolt","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32539-5","article-title":"Acute cocaine intoxication in the conscious dog: studies on the mechanism of lethality","volume":"217","author":"Catravas","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.115","article-title":"Beta-blockers for chest pain associated with recent cocaine use","volume":"170","author":"Rangel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.04.015","article-title":"Beta-blockers are associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction after cocaine use","volume":"51","author":"Dattilo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(85)80934-3","article-title":"Propranolol-induced hypertension in treatment of cocaine intoxication","volume":"14","author":"Ramoska","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80839-X","article-title":"Pharmacologic interventions after an LD50 cocaine insult in a chronically instrumented rat model: are beta-blockers contraindicated?","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(91)90182-J","article-title":"Experience with esmolol for the treatment of cocaine-associated cardiovascular complications","volume":"9","author":"Sand","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)80009-5","article-title":"Carvedilol affects the physiological and behavioral response to smoked cocaine in humans","volume":"60","author":"Sofuoglu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270516","article-title":"Use of phentolamine for cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia [letter]","volume":"327","author":"Hollander","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161019","article-title":"Phentolamine therapy for cocaine-association acute coronary syndrome (CAACS)","volume":"2","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912073212301","article-title":"Cocaine-induced coronaryartery vasoconstriction","volume":"321","author":"Lange","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.060","article-title":"Central sympatholysis as a novel countermeasure for cocaine-induced sympathetic activation and vasoconstriction in humans","volume":"50","author":"Menon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.5.1237","article-title":"Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction: clinical safety of thrombolytic therapy","volume":"107","author":"Hollander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(96)00187-4","article-title":"Complications from the use of thrombolytic agents in patients with cocaine associated chest pain","volume":"14","author":"Hollander","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248407306671","article-title":"Increased incidence of in-stent thrombosis related to cocaine use: case series and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21151","article-title":"Increased incidence of stent thrombosis in patients with cocaine use","volume":"69","author":"Karlsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188208","article-title":"2007 Focused Update of the ACC\/AHA\/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"117","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611652580?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025619611652580?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T19:42:12Z","timestamp":1741981332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025619611652580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025619611652580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-6196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-6196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rethinking Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/mcp.2011.0338","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}