{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T22:03:41Z","timestamp":1750370621744,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Korean Society of Women Health Nursing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kjwhn.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Women Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-transcendence enhancement program and examine its effect on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and psychological well-being in elderly women who lived alone. Methods: A self-transcendence enhancement program was developed through theory, literature review, and in-depth interviews. The theoretical framework came from the Psychoeducational Approach to Transcendence and Health intervention model based on Reed\u2019s mid-range theory of self-transcendence. The program consisted of multiple modalities in a structured, theory-based program lasting for eight weekly sessions. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, the program was tested on a group of 40 elderly women aged 75 to 84 years who lived alone in Daejeon, South Korea. Participants completed self-reported study questionnaires before and after the program at the elderly welfare center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with significance level set at .05. Paired t-test was used to compare mean differences before and after the program. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 79.1 years. After completing the program, the participants showed higher levels of self-transcendence (t=8.78, p&lt;.001), overall spiritual well-being (t=8.30, p=.002), religious spiritual well-being (t=1.79, p=.040), existential spiritual well-being (t=6.75, p=.002), and positive affect (t=3.77, p=.001) than they did before the program. They also reported lower levels of depression (t=\u20137.59, p&lt;.001) and negative affect (t=\u20136.15, p&lt;.001). Conclusion: The self-transcendence enhancement program developed in this study may be effective for improving the level of self-transcendence in elderly women living alone and helping them to attain spiritual and psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4069\/kjwhn.2021.06.07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T05:19:47Z","timestamp":1624511987000},"page":"128-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4069\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and application of a self-transcendence enhancement program for the well-being of elderly women living alone in 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