{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T03:55:44Z","timestamp":1767585344638,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Korean Society of Women Health Nursing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1C1C1005325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1C1C1005325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-whn.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Womens Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Maternal depression can persist beyond the immediate postpartum period and can adversely affect maternal functioning and child development. However, evidence describing long-term trajectories and multidimensional predictors remains limited. This study investigated the 7-year trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms from childbirth to when the child reached 6 years of age and identified significant predictors across child, maternal, and family domains.Methods: In total, 1,030 mothers from the Panel Study on Korean Children were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed at postpartum years 1, 3, 5, and 7 using the Kessler Depression Scale. Latent growth modeling was used to examine symptom trajectories, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of depressive-symptom risk.Results: Overall, 55.6% of mothers experienced at least one episode of mild-to-moderate or severe depressive symptoms. Among at-risk mothers, depressive symptoms demonstrated a slight upward trajectory with significant individual variability (linear model fit: \u03c7\u00b2=12.65, root mean square error of approximation=.052, comparative fit index=.961). Significant predictors included preterm or low-birth-weight delivery (odds ratio [OR]=2.29), prenatal depression (OR=2.61), postpartum depression at 1 month (OR=3.41), high parenting stress (OR=1.63), low self-esteem (OR=2.33), and marital conflict (OR=2.02). Higher educational attainment emerged as a protective factor (OR=0.59).Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the persistence of maternal depressive symptoms and highlight key predictors for promptly identifying mothers at elevated risk. Integrating routine longitudinal screening with interventions targeting maternal stress, self-esteem, and family functioning may be critical for mitigating long-term depressive trajectories. Family-centered approaches, including partner involvement and conflict-management strategies, appear essential for improving maternal mental health and promoting healthier developmental environments for children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4069\/whn.2025.11.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T01:41:31Z","timestamp":1767145291000},"page":"346-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4069\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal depression over 7 years postpartum: trajectories and multidimensional predictors in a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.4069","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0547-5990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Eun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9167-2555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ah 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