{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:18:04Z","timestamp":1792639084994,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Ital Urol Androl"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms of frequency, urgency and urge incontinence are frequently associated with known neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), stroke. Objective: The aim of our study was to review the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for neurogenic overactive bladder. Materials and methods: We searched two electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) for randomized controlled trials focusing on pharmacological and non-pharmacological medical treatments for overactive bladder symptoms associated with neurological diseases published up to 30 April 2022. Results: A total of 157 articles were retrieved; 94 were selected by title and abstract screening; after removal of 17 duplicates, 77 records were evaluated by full-text examination. Sixty-two studies were finally selected. The articles selected for review focused on the following interventions: anticholinergics (n = 9), mirabegron (n = 5), comparison of different drugs (n = 3), cannabinoids (n = 2), intravesical instillations (n = 3), botulinum toxin (n = 16), transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) (n = 6), acupuncture (n = 2), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS (n = 4), pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (n = 10), others (n = 2). Anticholinergics were more effective than placebo in decreasing the number of daily voids in patients with PD (mean difference [MD]- 1.16, 95 % CI - 1.80 to - 0.52, 2 trials, 86 patients, p &lt; 0.004), but no significant difference from baseline was found for incontinence episodes and nocturia. Mirabegron was more effective than placebo in increasing the cystometric capacity in patients with MS (mean difference [MD] 89.89 mL, 95 % CI 29.76 to 150.01, 2 trials, 98 patients, p &lt; 0.003) but no significant difference was observed for symptom scores and bladder diary parameters. TTNS was more effective than its sham-control in decreasing the number of nocturia episodes (MD -1.40, 95 % CI -2.39 to -0.42, 2 trials, 53 patients, p &lt; 0.005) but no significant changes of OAB symptom scores were reported. PFMT was more effective than conservative advice in decreasing the ICIQ symptom score (MD, -1.12, 95 % CI -2.13 to -0.11, 2 trials, 91 patients, p = 0.03), although the number of incontinence episodes was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: The results of the meta-analysis demonstrate a moderate efficacy of all considered treatments without proving the superiority of one therapy over the others. Combination treatment using different pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies could achieve the best clinical efficacy due to the favorable combination of the different mechanisms of action. This could be associated with fewer side effects due to drug dosage reduction. These data are only provisional and should be considered with caution, due to the few studies included in metaanalysis and to the small number of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2022.4.492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T11:10:30Z","timestamp":1672225830000},"page":"492-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Efficacy of overactive neurogenic bladder treatment: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Rawa","family":"Bapir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran Hassan","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Eliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herney Andr\u00e9s","family":"Garc\u00eda-Perdomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazim","family":"Gherabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Hennessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Mourmouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adama","family":"Ouattara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Perletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Philipraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Stamatiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Trinchieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"65802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Przydacz M, Chlosta M, Golabek T, Chlosta P. Population-based study of prevalence, bother and behavior related to treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder among polish neurogenic patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:712.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060712"},{"key":"65803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madhuvrata P, Singh M, Hasafa Z, Abdel-Fattah M. Anticholinergic drugs for adult neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a systematic Review and Meta-analysis Eur Urol 2012; 62:816-830.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.02.036"},{"key":"65804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas RS, Friede T, Hollis S, Young CA. Anticholinergics for urinary symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004193","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004193.pub2"},{"key":"65805","unstructured":"Shen S-H, Jia X, Peng L, et al. Intravesical oxybutynin therapy for patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a systematic review and meta analysis"},{"key":"65806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kajbafvala M, Ashnagar Z, Lucio A, et al. Pelvic floor muscle training in multiple sclerosis patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;59:103559.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103559"},{"key":"65807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vecchio M, Chiaramonte R, Di Benedetto P. Management of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies regarding bladder rehabilitation. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2022; 58:387-96.","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.22.07217-3"},{"key":"65808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaziev G, Topazio L, Iacovelli V, et al. Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunctions: a systematic review. BMC Urol. 2013; 13:61.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-13-61"},{"key":"65809","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Ophoven A, Engelberg S, Lilley H, Sievert KD. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) in Patients with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (nLUTD): Over 20 Years' Experience and Future Directions. Adv Ther. 2021; 38:1987-2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01650-9"},{"key":"65810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duthie JB, Vincent M, Herbison GP, et al. Botulinum toxin injections for adults with overactive bladder syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD005493.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005493.pub3"},{"key":"65811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang R, Xu Y, Yang S, et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and dose differences: a systematic review. Int Braz J Urol. 2015; 41:207-19.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.02.05"},{"key":"65812","unstructured":"Zhou X, Yan HL, Cui YS, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in treating neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a systematic"},{"key":"65813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"review and meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015; 128:963-8.","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.154318"},{"key":"65814","unstructured":"Mehta S, Hill D, McIntyre A, et al. Meta-analysis of botulinum toxin A detrusor injections in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity"},{"key":"65815","unstructured":"after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94:1473-81."},{"key":"65816","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu SJ, Xu YQ, Gao ZY, et al. Clinical outcomes of botulinum toxin A management for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2019; 41:937-945.","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2019.1655448"},{"key":"65817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ni J, Wang X, Cao N, et al. Is repeat Botulinum Toxin A injection valuable for neurogenic detrusor overactivity-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018; 37:542-553.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23354"},{"key":"65818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jo JK, Kim KN, Kim DW, et al. The effect of onabotulinumtoxinA according to site of injection in patients with overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol. 2018; 36:305-317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-017-2121-6"},{"key":"65819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6:e1000097.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"65820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2019; 366:l4898.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"65821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zesiewicz TA, Evatt M, Vaughan C, et al. Randomized, controlled pilot trial of solifenacin succinate for overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015; 21:514-20.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.02.025"},{"key":"65822","unstructured":"Yonguc T, Sefik E, Inci I, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of fesoterodine fumarate for overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease. World"},{"key":"65823","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Urol. 2020; 38:2013-2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02981-7"},{"key":"65824","unstructured":"Amarenco G, Sutory M, Zachoval R, et al. Solifenacin is effective and well tolerated in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Results"},{"key":"65825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"from the double-blind, randomized, active- and placebo-controlled SONIC urodynamic study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017; 36:414-421.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22945"},{"key":"65826","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lackner TE, Wyman JF, McCarthy TC, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the cognitive effect, safety, and tolerability of oral extended-release oxybutynin in cognitively impaired nursing home residents with urge urinary incontinence. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008; 56:862-70.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01680.x"},{"key":"65827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menarini M, Del Popolo G, Di Benedetto P, et al. Trospium chloride in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: is dose titration of benefit to the patients? Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006; 44:623-32.","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP44623"},{"key":"65828","unstructured":"Fader M, Glickman S, Haggar V, et al. Intravesical atropine compared to oral oxybutynin for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a doubleblind,"},{"key":"65829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"randomized crossover trial. J Urol. 2007; 177:208-13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.08.099"},{"key":"65830","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der A, Albrecht U, Schnitker J, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravesically administered 0.1% oxybutynin hydrochloride"},{"key":"65831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"solution in adult patients with neurogenic bladder: A randomized, prospective, controlled multi-center trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016; 35:582-8.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22755"},{"key":"65832","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u00f6hrer M, Mu\u0308rtz G, Kramer G, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of propiverine hydrochloride extended-release compared with immediaterelease in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Spinal Cord. 2013; 51:419-23.","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.174"},{"key":"65833","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u00f6hrer M, Mu\u0308rtz G, Kramer G, et al. Propiverine compared to oxybutynin in neurogenic detrusor overactivity--results of a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical study. Eur Urol. 2007; 51:235-42.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.03.016"},{"key":"65834","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho SY, Jeong SJ, Lee S, et al. Mirabegron for treatment of overactive bladder symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: A doubleblind, randomized placebo-controlled trial (Parkinson's Disease Overactive bladder Mirabegron, PaDoMi Study). Neurourol Urodyn. 2021; 40:286-294.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24552"},{"key":"65835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moussa M, Chakra MA, Dabboucy B, et al. The safety and effectiveness of mirabegron in Parkinson's disease patients with overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Urol. 2022; 56:66-72.","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2021.1990994"},{"key":"65836","unstructured":"Ray S, Burdick D, Griffith A, Agarwal P. Preliminary report on the MAESTRO study: A pilot study of mirabegron and behavioral modification including pelvic floor exercise for overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease Movement Disorders. 2017; 32(Suppl 2):945-946."},{"key":"65837","unstructured":"Krhut J, Borovicka V, Bilkova K, et al. Mirabegron in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis International Journal of Urology 2017; 24(Suppl 1):18-19."},{"key":"65838","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welk B, Hickling D, McKibbon M, et al. A pilot randomized-controlled trial of the urodynamic efficacy of mirabegron for patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018; 37:2810-2817.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23774"},{"key":"65839","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasudeva P, Kumar A, Yadav S, et al. Neurological safety and efficacy of darifenacin and mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder in patients with history of cerebrovascular accident: A prospective study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021; 40:2041-2047.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24793"},{"key":"65840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nardulli R, Losavio E, Ranieri M, et al. Combined antimuscarinics for treatment of neurogenic overactive bladder. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2012; 25(1 Suppl):35S-41S.","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320120250S106"},{"key":"65841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakakibara R, Ito T, Uchiyama T, et al. Effects of milnacipran and paroxetine on overactive bladder due to neurologic diseases: a urodynamic assessment. Urol Int. 2008; 81:335-9.","DOI":"10.1159\/000151415"},{"key":"65842","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman RM, Adekanmi O, Waterfield MR, et al. The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006; 17:636-41.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0086-x"},{"key":"65843","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavia RB, De Ridder D, Constantinescu CS, et al. Randomized controlled trial of Sativex to treat detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2010; 16:1349-59.","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510378020"},{"key":"65844","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De S\u00e8ze M, Wiart L, Joseph P-A, et al. Capsaicin and neurogenic detrusor hyperreflexia: A double-blind placebo- controlled study in 20 patients with spinal cord lesions Neurourology and Urodynamics. 1998; 17:5 (513-523). Cited by: 97.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1998)17:5<513::AID-NAU7>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"65845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de S\u00e8ze M, Gallien P, Denys P, et al. Intravesical glucidic capsaicin versus glucidic solvent in neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a double blind controlled randomized study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006; 25:752-7.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20296"},{"key":"65846","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazzeri M, Cal\u00f2 G, Spinelli M, et al. Daily intravesical instillation of 1 mg nociceptin\/orphanin FQ for the control of neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a multicenter, placebo controlled, randomized exploratory study. J Urol. 2006; 176:2098-102.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.025"},{"key":"65847","unstructured":"Del Popolo G, Denys P, Keppenne V, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxina 100u for treatment of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity in non-catheterising multiple sclerosis patients Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2016; 35(Suppl 3):S53-S54."},{"key":"65848","unstructured":"Chancellor MB, Patel V, Leng WW, et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA improves quality of life in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity."},{"key":"65849","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neurology. 2013; 81:841-8","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a2ca4d"},{"key":"65850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz F, Herschorn S, Aliotta P, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol. 2011; 60:742-50.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.07.002"},{"key":"65851","unstructured":"Denys P, Del Popolo G, Amarenco G, et al. Efficacy and safety of two administration modes of an intra-detrusor injection of 750 units dysport\u00ae (abobotulinumtoxinA) in patients suffering from refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO): A randomised placebo-controlled"},{"key":"65852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"phase IIa study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017; 36:457-462.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22954"},{"key":"65853","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehren I, Volz D, Farrelly E, et al. Efficacy and impact of botulinum toxin A on quality of life in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2007; 41:335-40.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590601068835"},{"key":"65854","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginsberg D, Gousse A, Keppenne V, et al. Phase 3 efficacy and tolerability study of onabotulinumtoxinA for urinary incontinence from neurogenic detrusor overactivity. J Urol. 2012; 187:2131-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.01.125"},{"key":"65855","unstructured":"Herschorn S, Gajewski J, Ethans K, et al. Efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and urinary incontinence:"},{"key":"65856","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"a randomized, double-blind trial. J Urol. 2011; 185:2229-35.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.02.004"},{"key":"65857","unstructured":"Honda M, Yokoyama O, Takahashi R, et al. Botulinum toxin injections for Japanese patients with urinary incontinence caused by neurogenic"},{"key":"65858","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"detrusor overactivity: Clinical evaluation of onabotulinumtoxinA in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with an openlabel extension. Int J Urol. 2021; 28: 906-912.","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14602"},{"key":"65859","unstructured":"Sussman D, Patel V, Del Popolo G, et al. Treatment satisfaction and improvement in health-related quality of life with onabotulinumtoxinA"},{"key":"65860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013; 32:242-9.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22293"},{"key":"65861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennelly M, Cruz F, Herschorn S, et al. Efficacy and Safety of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity Incontinence Performing Regular Clean Intermittent Catheterization: Pooled Results from Two Phase 3 Randomized Studies (CONTENT1 and CONTENT2) European Urology 2022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.03.010"},{"key":"65862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grise P, Ruffion A, Denys P, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of botulinum toxin type a in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity and without concomitant anticholinergic therapy: Comparison of two doses Eur Urol. 2010; 58:759-766.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.06.035"},{"key":"65863","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schurch B, De S\u00e8ze M, Denys P, et al. Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: Results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study J Urol. 2005; 174:196-200.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000162035.73977.1c"},{"key":"65864","unstructured":"Schurch B, Denys P, Kozma CM, et al. Botulinum toxin A improves the quality of life of patients with neurogenic urinary incontinence. Eur"},{"key":"65865","unstructured":"Urol. 2007; 52:850-8."},{"key":"65866","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Meguid TA. Botulinum toxin-A injections into neurogenic overactive bladder--to include or exclude the trigone? A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Urol. 2010; 184:2423-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.028"},{"key":"65867","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hui C, Keji X, Chonghe J, et al. Combined detrusor-trigone BTX-A injections for urinary incontinence secondary to neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Spinal Cord. 2016; 54:46-50.","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.143"},{"key":"65868","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grise P, Ruffion A, Denys P, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of botulinum toxin type a in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity and without concomitant anticholinergic therapy: Comparison of two doses Eur Urol. 2010; 58:759-766.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.06.035"},{"key":"65869","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araujo TG, Schmidt AP, Sanches PRS, et al. Transcutaneous tibial nerve home stimulation for overactive bladder in women with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021; 40:538-548.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24595"},{"key":"65870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perissinotto MC, D\u2019Ancona CA, Lucio A, et al. Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and its impact on health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2015; 42:94-9.","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000078"},{"key":"65871","unstructured":"Monteiro \u00c9S, de Carvalho LB, Fukujima MM, et al. Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibialis nerve improves symptoms of poststroke"},{"key":"65872","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"neurogenic overactive bladder in men: a randomized controlled trial. Urology. 2014; 84:509-14.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.05.031"},{"key":"65873","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaspard L, Tombal B, Opsomer RJ, et al. Kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapie et sympt\u00f4mes du bas appareil urinaire chez des patients atteints de la scl\u00e9rose en plaques : \u00e9tude contr\u00f4l\u00e9e randomis\u00e9e [Physiotherapy and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized controlled trial]. Prog Urol. 2014; 24:697-707.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2014.05.003"},{"key":"65874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zonic-Imamovic M, Imamovic S, Cicku\u0161ic A, et al. Effects of Treating an Overactive Urinary Bladder in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Acta Med Acad. 2019; 48:271-277.","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.267"},{"key":"65875","unstructured":"Eftekhar T, Teimoory N, Miri E, et al. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treating neurologic bladder in women: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Med Iran. 2014; 52:816-21."},{"key":"65876","unstructured":"Chen YL, Feng WJ, Zhang XL. Parkinson's disease combined with overactive bladder syndrome treated with acupuncture and medication."},{"key":"65877","unstructured":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2012; 32:215-8."},{"key":"65878","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen H, Wang C, Zhou M, et al. Electroacupuncture for post-stroke overactive bladder: a multi-centre pilot randomized controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2021; 39:175-183.","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528420925488"},{"key":"65879","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo ZF, Liu Y, Hu GH, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of patients with poststroke urinary incontinence. Clin Interv Aging. 2014; 9:851-6.","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S61084"},{"key":"65880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo GY, Kang YG. Effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy in patients with urinary incontinence after stroke: A randomized sham controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97:e13702.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013702"},{"key":"65881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xu G, Luo M, Teng HF. Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation at Two Frequencies on Urinary Incontinence in Poststroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016; 95:183-93.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000360"},{"key":"65882","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xu G, Geng J. Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Neurogenic Overactive Bladder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2022; 101:2-10.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001836"},{"key":"65883","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonald C, Rees J, Winge K, et al. Bladder training for urinary tract symptoms in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2020; 94:e1427-e1433.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008931"},{"key":"65884","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaughan CP, Burgio KL, Goode PS, et al. Behavioral therapy for urinary symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019; 38:1737-1744.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24052"},{"key":"65885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tibaek S, Gard G, Jensen R. Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in women with urinary incontinence after stroke: a randomised, controlled and blinded study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2005; 24:348-57.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20134"},{"key":"65886","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tibaek S, Gard G, Dehlendorff C, et al. Is Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Effective for Men With Poststroke Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms? A Single-Blinded Randomized, Controlled Trial. Am J Mens Health. 2017; 11:1460-1471.","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988315610816"},{"key":"65887","unstructured":"Khan F, Pallant JF, Pallant JI, et al. A randomised controlled trial: Outcomes of bladder rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis"},{"key":"65888","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 2010; 81:9 (1033- 1038).","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.206623"},{"key":"65889","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00facio AC, Perissinoto MC, Natalin RA, et al. A comparative studyn of pelvic floor muscle training in women with multiple sclerosis: its impact on lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011; 66:1563-8.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000900010"},{"key":"65890","unstructured":"Botini D, Lucio A, Domingos J, et al. Pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in women with multiple sclerosis and myelopathy associated with HTLV-I (HAM\/TSP): A randomized controlled trial Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2019; 38 (Suppl 3):S455-."},{"key":"65891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira AP, Pegorare AB, Salgado PR, et al. Impact of a Pelvic Floor Training Program Among Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016; 95:1-8.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000302"},{"key":"65892","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva Ferreira AP, de Souza Pegorare ABG, Miotto Junior A, et al. A Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Exercise on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women With Multiple Sclerosis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 98:777-782.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001189"},{"key":"65893","unstructured":"L\u00facio A, D\u2019ancona CA, Perissinotto MC, et al. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training With and Without Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of"},{"key":"65894","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women With Multiple Sclerosis. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2016; 43:414-9.","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000223"},{"key":"65895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witte LP, Odekerken VJJ, Boel JA, et al. Does deep brain stimulation improve lower urinary tract symptoms in Parkinson's disease? Neurourol Urodyn. 2018; 37:354-359.","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23301"},{"key":"65896","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moussa M, Abou Chakra M, Dabboucy B, et al. Single intradetrusor injection of autologous adipose-derived stem cells in Parkinson's disease patients with overactive bladder: A pilot study Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2021; 40(Suppl 2):S93-S95.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cont.2022.100192"},{"key":"65897","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hebjorn S. Treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial comparing methantheline bromide (Banthine), flavoxate chloride (Urispas) and meladrazine tartrate (Lisidonil). Urol Int. 1977; 32:209-17.","DOI":"10.1159\/000280132"},{"key":"65898","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajewski JB, Awad SA. Oxybutynin versus propantheline in patients with multiple sclerosis and detrusor hyperreflexia. J Urol. 1986; 135:966-68.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45940-4"},{"key":"65899","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fader M, Glickman S, Haggar V, et al. Intravesical Atropine Compared to Oral Oxybutynin for Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial. J Urol. 2007; 177:208-13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.08.099"},{"key":"65900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novara G, Galfano A, Secco S, et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials with antimuscarinic drugs for overactive bladder. Eur Urol. 2008; 54:740-63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.06.080"},{"key":"65901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossanese M, Novara G, Challacombe B, et al. Critical analysis of phase II and III randomised control trials (RCTs) evaluating efficacy and tolerability of a \u03b23-adrenoceptor agonist (Mirabegron) for overactive bladder (OAB). BJU Int. 2015; 115:32-40.","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12730"},{"key":"65902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapple CR, Kaplan SA, Mitcheson D, et al. Mirabegron 50 mg once-daily for the treatment of symptoms of overactive bladder: an overview of efficacy and tolerability over 12 weeks and 1 year. Int J Urol. 2014; 21:960-967.","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12568"},{"key":"65903","unstructured":"Rosa GM, Ferrero S, Nitti VW, et al. Cardiovascular safety of \u03b23-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder"},{"key":"65904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"syndrome. Eur Urol. 2016; 69:311-323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.09.007"}],"container-title":["Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/download\/11120\/10591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/download\/11120\/10592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/download\/11120\/10591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T11:13:27Z","timestamp":1672226007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/view\/11120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2022.4.492","relation":{},"ISSN":["2282-4197","1124-3562"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2282-4197","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1124-3562","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]}}}