{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:07:33Z","timestamp":1747224453730,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Ital Urol Androl"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: We aimed to assess seminal calbindin 2 (CALB 2) expression in men with different semen parameters as well as its correlation with reproductive hormones in azoospermic patients and different semen parameters in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients. CALB 2 is also known as calretinin and 29 kDa calbindin. Materials and methods: This prospective study was performed on 96 cases from the andrology outpatient clinic divided into 3 groups as follows: group 1 including 32 non obstructive azoospermic (NOA) patients, group 2 including 32 patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), and Group 3 including normozoospermic individuals as controls. Semen analysis and estimation of seminal CALB 2 concentrations by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique were performed for all participants. Reproductive hormones were measured in nonobstructive NOA patients. Results: The mean seminal CALB 2 level was higher in OAT patients compared to NOA patients and controls (7.8 \u00b1 1.30 ng\/ml, 7.3 \u00b1 0.80 and 7.4 \u00b1 1.0, respectively). Furthermore, the study had shown strong positive correlations between CALB 2 and sperm normal forms in controls and OAT patients. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between seminal CALB 2 and any of the reproductive hormones measured in NOA patients. Conclusions: Seminal CALB 2 may play a role in increasing the abnormal forms in OAT patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2023.11906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T15:42:08Z","timestamp":1700062928000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seminal calbindin 2 level in azoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and its correlation with seminal and hormonal parameters"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1918-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh Fayek","family":"GamalEl Din","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha","family":"Abdelhafeez Abdelkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Yousry","family":"El-Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa Anter","family":"Sayed Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesham Fouad","family":"Abdel-latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Farag","family":"Azmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"99836","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milachich T, Dyulgerova-Nikolova D. The Sperm: Parameters and Evaluation. In Innovations In Assisted Reproduction Technology. IntechOpen; 2020.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.90677"},{"key":"99837","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boitrelle F, Shah R, Saleh R, et al. The Sixth Edition of the WHO Manual for Human Semen Analysis: A Critical Review and SWOT Analysis. Life. 2021; 11:1368.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121368"},{"key":"99838","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asero P, Calogero AE, Condorelli RA, et al. Relevance of genetic investigation in male infertility. J Endocrinol Invest. 2014; 37:415-427.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0053-1"},{"key":"99839","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrin A, Morel F, Moy L, et al. Study of aneuploidy in largeheaded, multiple-tailed spermatozoa: case report and review of the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008; 90:1201-e13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.013"},{"key":"99840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwaller B. Calretinin: from a \u201csimple\u201d Ca2+ bufer to a multifunctional protein implicated in many biological processes. Front Neuroanat. 2014; 8:3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00003"},{"key":"99841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevenson L, Allen WL, Proutski I, et al. Calbindin 2 (CALB2) regulates 5-fuorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer by modulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. PLoS One. 2011; 6:e20276.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020276"},{"key":"99842","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu W, Zhu Q, Liu S, et al. Calretinin participates in regulating steroidogenesis by PLC-Ca2+-PKC pathway in Leydig cells. Sci Rep. 2018; 8:1-10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25427-3"},{"key":"99843","unstructured":"Liu S. Expression of calretinin in the testes of rats at diferent development stages. J Reprod Med. 2014; 21:70-76."},{"key":"99844","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu W, Zhu Q, Zhang B, et al. Protective effect of calretinin on testicular Leydig cells via the inhibition of apoptosis. Aging. 2017; 9:1269.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101226"},{"key":"99845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augusto D, Leteurtre E, De La Taille A, et al. Calretinin: a valuable marker of normal and neoplastic Leydig cells of the testis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2002; 10:159-162.","DOI":"10.1097\/00129039-200206000-00011"},{"key":"99846","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasirpour H, Key YA, Kazemipur N, et al. Association of rubella, cytomegalovirus, and toxoplasma infections with recurrent miscarriages in Bonab-Iran: A case-control study. Gene Cell Tissue. 2017; 4:e60891.","DOI":"10.5812\/gct.60891"},{"key":"99847","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013; 310:2191-4.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"99848","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altobelli GG, Pentimalli F, D'Armiento M, et al. Calretinin immunoreactivity in the human testis throughout fetal life. J Cell Physiol. 2017; 232:1872-1878.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25727"},{"key":"99849","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th ed. Geneva: WHO: 2010; p.271.","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2008.57"},{"key":"99850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alahmar AT, Sengupta P, Dutta S, Calogero AE. Coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress markers, and sperm DNA damage in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2021; 48:150.","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2020.04084"},{"key":"99851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bar-Shira Maymon B, Yavetz H, Yogev L, et al. Detection of calretinin expression in abnormal immature Sertoli cells in non-obstructive azoospermia. Acta Histochem. 2005; 107:105-12.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2005.02.002"},{"key":"99852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GamalEl Din SF, Zeidan A, Salam MAA, et al. Seminal Calbindin 2 in Infertile Men With Varicocele: A Prospective Comparative Study. Reprod Sci. 2023; 30:3077-3083.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01237-5"},{"key":"99853","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ascoli M. Immortalized Leydig Cell Lines as Models for Studying Leydig Cell Physiology. In A. H. Payne & M. P. Hardy (eds) Contemporary Endocrinology: The Leydig Cell in Health and Disease. Humana Press (USA). 2007; pp. 373-381.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-453-7_26"},{"key":"99854","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baimbridge KG, Celio MR, Rogers JH. Calcium-binding proteins in the nervous system. Trends in neurosciences. 1992; 15:303-308.","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90081-I"}],"container-title":["Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/download\/11906\/11415","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/download\/11906\/11415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T15:42:31Z","timestamp":1700062951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/index.php\/aiua\/article\/view\/11906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2023.11906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2282-4197","1124-3562"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2282-4197"},{"type":"print","value":"1124-3562"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]}}}