{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:18:27Z","timestamp":1789147107288,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Ital Urol Androl"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction and objectives: Varicocele is the most common treatable cause of male infertility. The study aimed to compare varicocelectomy efficacy in men with primary (PI) and secondary infertility (SI). Patients and Methods: Medical records of 100 men suffering from PI and SI and having varicocelectomy at the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Urology were retrospectively selected and analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 58 men with PI and Group II 42 men with SI. Preoperative clinical characteristics and semen parameters before and after varicocelectomy were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: Analysis revealed that the mean age of patients of group I was significantly lower (p&lt;0.001) and the duration of infertility was accurately shorter (p&lt;0.01) than those of group II. Main semen parameters increased significantly in group I (e.g., sperm concentration increased by 50%, from 62.2 \u00b1 8.7 to 93.5 \u00b1 10.0 M\/ml, and total motile sperm count increased by 113%, from 76.7\u00b117.1 to 163.4\u00b127.8 M p&lt;0.05), while in group II only rate of progressive motile sperm increased significantly (by 107%, from 13.5\u00b1 .6 to 28.0\u00b15.2% p&lt;0.05). We identified a significant difference in varicocelectomy efficacy between group I and group II in change of total motile sperm count (by 113% vs 74% respectively, p&lt;0.01). We also revealed a discrepancy between groups in correlation ratio (r) between initial and post-surgical percent of progressive motile sperm. Conclusions: Patients with SI were older and had longer infertility period. Varicocelectomy resulted in significant semen parameters improvement in patients with PI. In patients with SI, only a percent of progressively motile sperm improved significantly. It indicates that advanced male age and long infertility duration may have a negative impact on varicocelectomy success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2024.12082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T10:17:28Z","timestamp":1708424248000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microsurgical varicocelectomy efficacy in treatment of men with primary and secondary infertility (retrospective study)"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9271-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shomarufov","family":"Azizbek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"118723","unstructured":"Salonia A, Bettocchi C, Capogrosso P, et al. European Association of Urology. Sexual and reproductive health. Arnhem, The Netherlands; EAU, 2023. Available at: uroweb.org\/guidelines\/sexual-and-reproductive-health"},{"key":"118724","unstructured":"Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 11th ed. Saunders, Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2016. pp. 636-37."},{"key":"118725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Meguid TA, Al-Sayyad A, et al. Does varicocele repair improve male infertility? An evidence-based perspective from a randomized, controlled trial. Eur Urol. 2011; 59:455-61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.12.008"},{"key":"118726","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, et al. Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role ofvaricocele repair. Eur Urol. 2011; 60:796-808.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.06.018"},{"key":"118727","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ficarra V, Cerruto MA, Liguori G, et al. Treatment of varicocele in subfertile men: the Cochrane review\u2014a contrary opinion. Eur Urol. 2006;49:258-63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.11.023"},{"key":"118728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persad E, O'Loughlin CA, Kaur S, et al. Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;23;CD000479.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000479.pub6"},{"key":"118729","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7ayan S, Shavakhabov S, Kadioglu A. Treatment of palpable varicocele review in infertile men: a meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl. 2009;30:33-40.","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005967"},{"key":"118730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuda T, Miyake H, Enatsu N, et al. Assessment of Timedependent Changes in Semen Parameters in Infertile Men After Microsurgical Varicocelectomy. Urology. 2015;86:48-51.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.04.014"},{"key":"118731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Wu AK, Croughan MS, Turek PJ. Differences in the clinical characteristics of primarily and secondarily infertile men with varicocele. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:826-830.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.12.071"},{"key":"118732","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. 5th edition. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/44261"},{"key":"118733","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jungwirth A, Giwercman A, Tournaye H, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Infertility: The 2012 Update. Eur Urol. 2012; 62:324-332.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.04.048"},{"key":"118734","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Body Mass Index. 2006. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/topic-details\/GHO\/body-mass-index"},{"key":"118735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argawal A, Deepinder F, Cocuzza M, et al. Efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving semen parameters: new meta-analytical approach. Urology. 2007;70:532-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.04.011"},{"key":"118736","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samplaski MK, Yu C, Kattan MW, et al. Nomograms for predicting changes in semen parameters in infertile men after varicocele repair. Fertil Steril. 2014;102:68-74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.046"},{"key":"118737","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozhedomov VA, Shomarufov AB, Bozhedomova GE, et al. [Varicocele and reproductive function: pathozoospermia treatment (a prospective comparative study)].[Article in Russian]. Urologiia. 2021;5:62-8.","DOI":"10.18565\/urology.2021.2.62-68"},{"key":"118738","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozhedomov VA, Shomarufov AB, Bozhedomova GE, et al. [Varicocele and reproductive function: epidemiology and infertility risk (the examination of 3632 patients)].[Article in Russian]. Urologiia 2021;3:122-8.","DOI":"10.18565\/urology.2021.3.122-128"},{"key":"118739","unstructured":"Gowri V, Venkiteswaran KP, Al-Zakwani I, et al. Comparison of the Demographics, Semen Parameters and Hormone Profiles in Men with Primary and Secondary Infertility. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2010; 10:350-353."}],"container-title":["Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/aiua\/article\/download\/12082\/11708","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/aiua\/article\/download\/12082\/11708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T07:48:01Z","timestamp":1711525681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/aiua\/article\/view\/12082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2024.12082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2282-4197","1124-3562"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2282-4197","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1124-3562","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]}}}