{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:13:21Z","timestamp":1793121201878,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Ital Urol Androl"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual disorder with significant psychosocial and physiological impacts. While modifiable risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), serum testosterone, and vitamin D levels have been linked to ED, regional data from the Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, are limited.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 965 Azerbaijani men aged 35-75 years who presented with symptoms suggestive of ED between 2019 and 2024. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). An IIEF-5 score of \u226421 was considered as ED. Serum total testosterone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and BMI were evaluated. Correlations and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent factors associated with IIEF-5-defined ED in symptomatic men.Results: Among men presenting with ED-related symptoms, 54.4% met the IIEF-5 criteria for ED. Obesity (BMI \u226530 kg\/m2) was present in 46.1% of participants and significantly more common in men with ED (58.3% vs 31.6%, p&lt;0.001). Total testosterone levels &lt;10 nmol\/L were observed in 54.7% of men with ED vs 46.1% without (p=0.008). Spearman analysis showed inverse correlations between IIEF-5 scores and BMI (r = -0.316, p&lt;0.001), and a positive correlation with testosterone (r = 0.108, p&lt;0.001). No associations were found between 25(OH)D levels and ED. In multivariate analysis, obesity remained an independent factors associated with IIEF-5-defined ED (OR: 2.969, 95% CI: 2.27-3.88, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: Obesity and low testosterone levels are significantly associated with ED in Azerbaijani men presenting with ED related symptoms. In contrast, vitamin D status was not an independent predictor. These findings underscore the importance of addressing weight and hormonal health in ED management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2025.14061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1766738880000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of erectile dysfunction in 965 Azerbaijani men: associations with BMI, testosterone, and vitamin D levels"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Rashad","family":"Sholan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufat","family":"Aliyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seymur","family":"Karimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahman","family":"Ismayilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvin","family":"Bayramov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"container-title":["Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/aiua\/article\/download\/14061\/13593","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/aiua\/article\/download\/14061\/13593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T08:48:04Z","timestamp":1766738884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/aiua\/article\/view\/14061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2025.14061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2282-4197","1124-3562"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2282-4197","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1124-3562","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]}}}