{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:19:11Z","timestamp":1756383551008},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis is a granulomatous vasculitis that can present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. This disease entity predominantly affects the respiratory tract and the kidneys. Two forms of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis have been recognized: systemic and limited. It has not been established if the two forms represent separate disease entities or different stages of the same condition. In the limited form of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis there is no immediate threat to the function of vital organs and there is no evidence of glomerulonephritis. Environmental factors that could serve as triggers for the activation of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis have not been clearly defined. We report a case of a 78- year old male who was found to have bilateral pulmonary nodules on pre-operative chest X-ray and was diagnosed with the limited form of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. The patient developed Clostridium difficile infection, and shortly after that active glomerulonephritis, a manifestation of systemic Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2013.e14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T14:04:00Z","timestamp":1365775440000},"page":"e14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiple Pulmonary Nodules: A Complex Case of Wegener\u2019s Granulomatosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mariya","family":"Apostolova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Shoib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/34705892","article-title":"Imaging of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"80","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.301095103","article-title":"When to suspect pulmonary vasculitis: radiologic and clinical clues","volume":"30","author":"Casta\u00f1er","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"34","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis with multiple pulmonary nodules - diagnostic difficulties","volume":"24","author":"Jos\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"JRSM Short Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330807","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"33","author":"Leavitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"177","article-title":"Unusual presentations of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: pitfalls in early diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20534","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: possible role of environmental agents in its pathogenesis","volume":"51","author":"Albert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10830","article-title":"Are environmental factors important in primary systemic vasculitis","volume":"48","author":"Lane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","author":"Guillevin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orphanet encyclopedia"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.84","article-title":"Pulmonary localization revealing Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"10","author":"Mlika","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientific World J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11075","article-title":"Limited versus severe Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: baseline data on patients in the Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis etanercept trial","volume":"48","author":"Stone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711203372106","article-title":"Small-vessel vasculitis","volume":"337","author":"Jennette","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/3\/1\/e14\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T06:20:35Z","timestamp":1644474035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/3\/1\/e14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cp.2013.e14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/cp.2013.e14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]]}}}