{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T09:59:19Z","timestamp":1776160759898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable clinical presentations. Splanchnic venous thrombosis is a well-known vascular complication of AP and commonly present as thrombosis of the splanchnic venous system: splenic vein (SplV), portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV), either separately or in combinations. Involvement of extra-splanchnic vessels is rare and associated with morbidity and mortality. Vascular complications are late phenomena and usually associated with local complications of AP, namely acute fluid collections, necrotizing pancreatitis and walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Pathogenesis of venous thrombosis is multifactorial in which pancreatic inflammation and systemic inflammatory response play a key role. At present, there are no consensus guidelines on treatment and use of anticoagulation for venous thrombosis in the setting of AP. Limited literature suggests the use of anticoagulation in presence of PV with or without SMV thrombosis and extrasplanchnic vessel involvement. Literature on extra-splanchnic vessels involvement in acute pancreatitis is sparse. Here we present two cases with multiple extra-splanchnic vessels involvement and their management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2020.1226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T15:52:01Z","timestamp":1601308321000},"page":"1226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multiple Extra-Splanchnic Venous Thromboses\u2014An Unusual Vascular Complication of Acute Pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Junare","family":"Parmeshwar Ramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandnani","family":"Sanjay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhas","family":"Udgirkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nair","family":"Sujit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debnath","family":"Prasanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Modi","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debnath","family":"Partha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jain","family":"Shubham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Thanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rathi","family":"Pravin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Contractor","family":"Qais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318287cd3d","article-title":"Splanchnic venous thrombosis and pancreatitis","volume":"42","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2011.00375.x","article-title":"Natural history of pancreatitisinduced splenic vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its incidence and rate of gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"13","author":"Butler","year":"2011","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"328Y337","article-title":"Vascular complications of pancreatitis","volume":"5","author":"Mallick","year":"2004","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2011.00392.x","article-title":"Splanchnic vein thrombosis in severe acute pancreatitis: a 2 years single-institution experience","volume":"13","author":"Gonzelez","year":"2011","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"115","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: a multisystem disease","volume":"1","author":"Agarwal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterologist"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2015.01.019","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis complicated by massive inferior vena cava and right atrial thrombosis: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-019-2053-4","article-title":"Association of multiple splanchnic venous thrombosis and left renal venous thrombosis, a rare complication of pancreatitis: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Motiaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"161","article-title":"Inferior vena caval thrombosis complicating acute pancreatitis. 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A case report","volume":"13","author":"Parikh","year":"2012","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"502","article-title":"The relationship of coagulation factors to clinical complications of acute pancreatitis","volume":"81","author":"Ranson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(86)90227-6","article-title":"Consumptive coagulopathy, fibrinolysis and protease antiprotease interactions during acute human pancreatitis","volume":"41","author":"Lasson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528609091890","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation and antiprotease activity in acute human pancreatitis","volume":"126","author":"Lasson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"553","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis and protein C deficiency caused by mesenteric venous thrombosis","volume":"98","author":"Lucendo-Villar\u00edn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23259","article-title":"Acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis: a prospective multicentre follow-up study","volume":"51","author":"Plessier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicsandpractice.org\/index.php\/cp\/article\/download\/1226\/1073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/10\/3\/1226\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T07:06:26Z","timestamp":1644476786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/10\/3\/1226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cp.2020.1226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/cp.2020.1226","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]}}}