{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:57:56Z","timestamp":1757455076857,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To mitigate the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many countries have imposed the public use of face masks. We investigated attitudes and skin reactions in the Italian individuals wearing face masks during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey on a random sample (N=1001) of the Italian adult population was conducted in May 2020 by the Italian Group for Epidemiological Research in Dermatology, and the Gallup International Association. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis were used to estimate the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Most individuals (72.5%) wore a mask, 56.5% used a surgical mask and 53.0% a disposable mask. One-third changed the mask at least once a day, two-thirds kept a distance of at least one meter from each other, 50% washed their hands before wearing a mask, and 17.6% adopted multiple hygienic behaviors. Twenty percent of individuals reported redness, swelling, itching or erosions in the skin area of mask contact; the risk of this reaction was associated with young age, the use of respirators and a history of pre-existing contact eczema, psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. Health educational programs may improve compliance with combined preventive measures and reduce skin reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2022.9394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T15:53:47Z","timestamp":1643212427000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Face mask use in the community and cutaneous reactions to them during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a national survey in Italy"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Pezzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Naldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"7144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, et al. Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA 2020;324:782-93.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839"},{"key":"7145","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available from: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/. Accessed 26 June 2020"},{"key":"7146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long QX, Tang XJ, Shi QL, et al. Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Med 2020;26:1200-4.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0965-6"},{"key":"7147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA. Face masks for the prevention of infection in healthcare and community settings. BMJ 2015;350:h694.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h694"},{"key":"7148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies A, Thompson KA, Giri K, et al. Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: would they protect in an influenza pandemic? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2013;7:413-8.","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2013.43"},{"key":"7149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai ACK, Poon CKM, Cheung ACT. Effectiveness of face masks to reduce exposure hazards for airborne infections among general populations. J R Soc Interface 2012;9:938-48.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0537"},{"key":"7150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dharmadhikari AS, Mphahlele M, Stoltz A, et al. Surgical face masks worn by patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: impact on infectivity of air on a hospital ward. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:1104-9.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201107-1190OC"},{"key":"7151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Rahman B, et al. The efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare workers. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017;11:511-7.","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12474"},{"key":"7152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canini L, Andr\u00e9oletti L, Ferrari P, et al. Surgical mask to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. PLoS One 2010;5:e13998.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013998"},{"key":"7153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowling BJ, Zhou Y, Ip DKM, et al. Face masks to prevent transmission of influenza virus: a systematic review. Epidemiol Infect 2010;138:449-56.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809991658"},{"key":"7154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacIntyre CR, Cauchemez S, Dwyer DE, et al. Face mask use and control of respiratory virus transmission in households. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:233-41.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1502.081166"},{"key":"7155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Sande M, Teunis P, Sabel R. Professional and home-made face masks reduce exposure to respiratory infections among the general population. PLoS One 2008;3:e2618.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002618"},{"key":"7156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba\u015fer DA, \u00c7evik M, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ftakim S, Ba\u015fara E. Assessment of individuals' attitude, knowledge and anxiety towards COVID-19 at the first period of the outbreak in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Int J Clin Pract 2020;74:e13622.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13622"},{"key":"7157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naldi L, Colombo P, Placchesi EB, et al. PraKtis Study Centers. Study design and preliminary results from the pilot phase of the PraKtis study: self-reported diagnoses of selected skin diseases in a representative sample of the Italian population. Dermatology 2004;208:38-42.","DOI":"10.1159\/000075044"},{"key":"7158","unstructured":"Italian census data. http:\/\/demo.istat.it\/pop2019\/index.html Accessed 2020, September, 14, 2020."},{"key":"7159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konda A, Prakash A, Moss GA, et al. Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks. ACS Nano 2020;14:6339-47.","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03252"},{"key":"7160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia R, Sindhuja T, Bhatia S, et al. Iatrogenic dermatitis in times of COVID\u201019: a pandemic within a pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020;34:e563-e66.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16710"},{"key":"7161","unstructured":"Yan Y, Chen H, Chen L, et al. Consensus of Chinese experts on protection of skin and mucous membrane barrier for health-care workers fighting against coronavirus disease 2019. Dermatol Ther 2020;33:e13310."},{"key":"7162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szepietowski JC, MatusiaK L, Szepietowska M, et al. Face Mask-induced Itch: A Self-questionnaire Study of 2,315 Responders During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta DermVenereol 2020;100:adsv00152.","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3536"}],"container-title":["Dermatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepress.org\/journals\/index.php\/dr\/article\/download\/9394\/8819","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepress.org\/journals\/index.php\/dr\/article\/download\/9394\/8819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T09:00:16Z","timestamp":1663664416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepress.org\/journals\/index.php\/dr\/article\/view\/9394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/dr.2022.9394","relation":{},"ISSN":["2036-7406","2036-7392"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2036-7406"},{"type":"print","value":"2036-7392"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]}}}