{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:32:33Z","timestamp":1763458353016},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"s2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is associated both solid (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, non-nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma- like carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma) and hematolymphoid malignancies, some of the latter, however, spanning over a spectrum ranging from reactive and self-limiting to severe and life-threatening conditions. This review will focus on the disorder most commonly involving the skin, namely: EBVpositive mucocutaneous ulcer; lymphomatoid granulomatosis; EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma; plasmablastic lymphoma; post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder; extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma, nasal type; angoimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma; severe mosquito bite allergy; hydroa vacciniformelike lymphoproliferative disorder. Given the uncommon occurrence of all these infiltrates in the skin, multidisciplinary approach, as well as referral to tertiary care centers are always advisable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2024.9916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T11:38:14Z","timestamp":1715081894000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders of the skin"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Gualandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"16337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plaza JA, Gru AA, Sangueza OP, et al. An update on viralinduced cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. CME Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:965-80.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.11.068"},{"key":"16338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA, Balfour HH. Infectious Mononucleosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015;390:211-40.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22822-8_9"},{"key":"16339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith NA, Coleman CB, Gewurz BE, Rochford R. CD21 (complement receptor 2) is the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus entry into T Cells. J Virol 2020;94:e00428-20.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00428-20"},{"key":"16340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murata T, Sugimoto A, Inagaki T, et al. Molecular basis of Epstein-Barr Virus latency establishment and lytic reactivation. Viruses 2021;23:13:2344.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122344"},{"key":"16341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin H, Qu J, Peng Q, Gan R. Molecular mechanisms of EBVdriven cell cycle progression and oncogenesis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019;208:573-83.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-018-0570-1"},{"key":"16342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gru AA, Jaffe ES. Cutaneous EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders. Semin Diagn Pathol 2017;34:60-75.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2016.11.003"},{"key":"16343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaffe ES. Navigating the cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: avoiding the rocky shoals. Mod Pathol 2020;33:96-106.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0385-7"},{"key":"16344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gulley ML, Tang W. Laboratory assays for Epstein-Barr virus-related disease. J Mol Diagn 2008; 10:279-92.","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2008.080023"},{"key":"16345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roe CJ, Siddiqui MT, Lawson D, Cohen C. RNA in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus: comparison with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019;27:155-9.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000568"},{"key":"16346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quintanilla-Martinez L, Swerdlow SH, Tousseyn T, et al. New concepts in EBV-associated B, T, and NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Virchows Arc. 2023;482:227-44.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03414-4"},{"key":"16347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dojcinov SD, Quintanilla-Martinez L. How I diagnose EBVpositive B- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 2023;159:14-33.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac105"},{"key":"16348","unstructured":"Giraldo CN, Lynch DT. EBV positive mucocutaneous ulcer. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"16349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikeda T, Gion Y, Nishimura Y, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer: a unique and curious disease entity. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:1053.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031053"},{"key":"16350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikeda T, Gion Y, Sakamoto M, et al. Clinicopathological analysis of 34 Japanese patients with EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer. Mod Pathol 2020;33:2437-48.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0599-8"},{"key":"16351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohata Y, Tatsuzawa A, Ohyama Y, et al. A distinctive subgroup of oral EBV+ B-cell neoplasm with polymorphous features is potentially identical to EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer. Hum Pathol 2017;69:129-39.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.09.013"},{"key":"16352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melani C, Jaffe ES, Wilson WH. Pathobiology and treatment of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, a rare EBV-driven disorder. Blood 2020;135:1344-52.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000933"},{"key":"16353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaty MW, Toro J, Sorbara L, et al. Cutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis: correlation of clinical and biologic features. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1111-20.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200109000-00001"},{"key":"16354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colby TV. Current histological diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:S39-42.","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.149"},{"key":"16355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frances C, Du LT, Piette JC, et al. Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Dermatological manifestations in 75 cases with clinicopathologic correlation. Arch Dermatol 1994;130:861-7.","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.130.7.861"},{"key":"16356","unstructured":"Vermeesch J, Ramirez J, Lafond A. Primary cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a rare and aggressive cutaneous lymphoma. Cutis 2018;102:421-4."},{"key":"16357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross AM, Leahy CI, Neylon F, et al. Epstein-Barr virus and the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Life (Basel) 2023;13:521.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13020521"},{"key":"16358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frontzek F, Staiger AM, Wullenkord R, et al. Molecular profiling of EBV associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2023;37:670-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01804-w"},{"key":"16359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourbon E, Maucort-Boulch D, Fontaine J, et al. Clinicopathological features and survival in EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified. Blood Adv 2021;5:3227-39.","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004515"},{"key":"16360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chikeka I, Grossman M, Deng C, et al. Plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV patient with cutaneous presentation: a case of remarkable remission in a typically refractory disease. 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Multifocal primary cutaneous extranodal NK\/T lymphoma nasal type. An Bras Dermatol 2016;91:219-21.","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20164090"},{"key":"16369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngamdamrongkiat P, Sukpanichnant S, Chairatchaneeboon M, et al. Cutaneous involvement of extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, a clinical and histopathological mimicker of various skin diseases. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2022;9:307-20.","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology9030037"},{"key":"16370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim H, Ko YH. The Pathologic and genetic characteristics of extranodal NK\/T-Cell Lymphoma. Life (Basel). 2022;12:73.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010073"},{"key":"16371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiba S, Sakata-Yanagimoto M. Advances in understanding of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. 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