{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:53:39Z","timestamp":1792007619056,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, ultrasound has emerged as an important tool for studying hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), enabling differentiation between abscesses and fistulas and the assessment of various disease features. However, data on the use of ultrasound to evaluate treatment response to medical therapy remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of ultrasound in monitoring disease activity in HS patients treated with adalimumab over a 52-week period. This research employs a retrospective approach to analyze ultrasound scores related to fibrosis, edema, power-Doppler (PD) signal, and resistive index (RI) at baseline and after 52 weeks of adalimumab treatment. In total, 311 fistulas from 69 patients were included. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that PD score and edema were associated with the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4)-55, as well as with changes in the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Moreover, at baseline, healed and non-healed fistulas showed significant differences in PD signal, fibrosis, edema, and RI. Limitations include the retrospective design of the study, a limited population size, and the absence of a control group. However, our data provide evidence that ultrasound can be a reliable tool for assessing patients\u2019 responses to medical therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2025.10124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1744368506000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound monitoring of hidradenitis suppurativa fistulas in treatment with adalimumab"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-9582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele Dante","family":"Caposiena Caro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8135-7025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Bazzacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Zelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0875-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Mazzoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5987-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Di Meo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Zalaudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"34660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Vossen ARJV, van der Zee HH, Prens EP. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review Integrating Inflammatory Pathways Into a Cohesive Pathogenic Model. Front Immunol 2018;9:2965.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02965"},{"key":"34661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE, Schlapbach C. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current Understanding of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Suggestion for Treatment Algorithm. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7:68.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00068"},{"key":"34662","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Daoud M, Suppa M, Benhadou F, et al. Overview and comparison of the clinical scores in hidradenitis suppurativa: A real-life clinical data. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023;10:1145152.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1145152"},{"key":"34663","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Wortsman X. Update on Ultrasound Diagnostic Criteria and New Ultrasound Severity and Activity Scorings of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Modified SOS-HS and US-HSA. J Ultrasound Med 2024;43:207-13.","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16351"},{"key":"34664","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Krajewski PK, Jfri A, Ochando-Ibern\u00f3n G, Martorell A. Ultrasonographic railway sign in tunnels as a new independent risk factor of adalimumab failure in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:732-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.064"},{"key":"34665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Caposiena Caro RD, Solivetti FM, Candi E, Bianchi L. Clinical and Power-Doppler ultrasound features related with persistence of fistulous tracts under treatment with adalimumab in hidradenitis suppurativa: 4 years of follow-up. Dermatol Ther 2021;34:e14804.","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14804"},{"key":"34666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Nazzaro G, Calzari P, Passoni E, et al. Vascularization and fibrosis are important ultrasonographic tools for assessing response to adalimumab in hidradenitis suppurativa: Prospective study of 32 patients. Dermatol Ther 2021;34:e14706.","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14706"},{"key":"34667","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Chiricozzi A, Giovanardi G, Garcovich S, et al. Clinical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Adalimumab-treated Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Real-life Monocentric Experience. Acta Derm Venereol 2020;100:adv00172.","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3520"},{"key":"34668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Caposiena Caro RD, Cannizzaro MV, Tartaglia C, Bianchi L. Clinical response rate and flares of hidradenitis suppurativa in the treatment with adalimumab. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020;45:438-44.","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14127"},{"key":"34669","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Caposiena Caro RD, Cannizzaro MV, DI Raimondo C, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of adalimumab on a severe case of hidradenitis suppurativa. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021;156:101-2.","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8671.18.06194-1"},{"key":"34670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Lacarrubba F, Dini V, Napolitano M, et al.; Italian Ultrasound Working Group. Ultrasonography in the pathway to an optimal standard of care of hidradenitis suppurativa: the Italian Ultrasound Working Group experience. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019;33:10-4.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15847"},{"key":"34671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Caposiena Caro RD, Solivetti FM, Bianchi L. Power Doppler ultrasound assessment of vascularization in hidradenitis suppurativa lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018;32:1360-7.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14745"},{"key":"34672","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Wortsman X, Castro A, Figueroa A. Color Doppler ultrasound assessment of morphology and types of fistulous tracts in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). J Am Acad Dermatol 2016;75:760-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.05.009"},{"key":"34673","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Wortsman X, Reyes-Baraona F, Ramirez-Cornejo C, et al. Can Ultrasound Examinations Generate Pain in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients? Results from a Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study. Dermatology 2023;239:277-82.","DOI":"10.1159\/000526537"},{"key":"34674","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Steele H, Cheng J, Willicut A, et al. TNF superfamily control of tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1219907.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1219907"},{"key":"34675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Izadi D, Layton TB, Williams L, et al. Identification of TNFR2 and IL-33 as therapeutic targets in localized fibrosis. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaay0370.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay0370"},{"key":"34676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Moran B, Sweeney CM, Hughes R, et al. Hidradenitis Suppurativa Is Characterized by Dysregulation of the Th17:Treg Cell Axis, Which Is Corrected by Anti-TNF Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2017;137:2389-95.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033"},{"key":"34677","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Grand D, Frew JW, Navrazhina K, Krueger JG. Doppler ultrasound-based noninvasive biomarkers in hidradenitis suppurativa: evaluation of analytical and clinical validity. 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