{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T20:06:44Z","timestamp":1768594004363,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Transl Myol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Upper limb impairment occurs in approximately 80% of stroke survivors, with altered scapular kinematics playing a key role in dysfunction. Serratus anterior weakness post-stroke contributes to abnormal scapular motion, limiting shoulder and arm function. This study explored whether Electrical Stimulation (ES) could immediately enhance serratus anterior activity in individuals with post-stroke hemiplegia. A pre-post intervention design was used involving 19 individuals within three months post-stroke. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) recorded serratus anterior activity during a forward reach task. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was also administered. Participants received 20 minutes of ES targeting the serratus anterior, after which sEMG and FMA were reassessed. Wilcoxon signed rank test compared pre- and post-intervention sEMG values. Statistical analysis showed a significant change in the area under the curve value(p &lt; 0.01) but no significant change in RMS value. There was no change in FMA scale. Electrical stimulation showed significant changes in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior, indicating a reduction in the cost of the muscle work done during the forward reach task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2025.14082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T14:08:06Z","timestamp":1755871686000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immediate effects of electrical stimulation on serratus anterior muscle activity in people with hemiplegia post-stroke"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Palak Anand","family":"Kakwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6653-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Debur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"190893","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazi EN, Ganvir SS. 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Effects of shoulder stabilization exercise on pain and functional recovery of shoulder impingement syndrome patients. J Phys Ther Sci 2013;25:1359\u201362.","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.1359"},{"key":"190907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirar B, Pattnaik M, Mohanty P. Effect of bilateral repetitive protraction in antispastic position of suspended upper extremity on motor performance and scapular position in stroke. Adv Neurol Neurosci 2021;4:19\u201325.","DOI":"10.33140\/AN.04.03.01"},{"key":"190908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Kroon JR, IJzerman MJ, Chae J, et al. Relation between stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome in studies using electrical stimulation to improve motor control of the upper extremity in stroke. J Rehabil Med 2005;37:65\u201374.","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410024190"},{"key":"190909","unstructured":"Doucet BM, Lam A, Griffin L. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for skeletal muscle function. 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