{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:09:42Z","timestamp":1787314182243,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geospat Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial infection that occurs worldwide, with fatality rate of up to 40% in the most severe cases. The number of cases peaks during the rainy season and may reach epidemic proportions in the event of flooding. It is possible that people living in areas affected by natural disasters are at greater risk of contracting the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clusters of relatively higher risk for leptospirosis occurrence, both in space and time, in six municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil, which had the highest incidence of the disease between 2000 and 2016, and to evaluate if these clusters coincide with the occurrence of natural disasters. The cases were geocoded with the geographic coordinates of patients\u2019 home addresses, and the analysis was performed using SaTScan software. The areas mapped as being at risk for hydrological and mass movements were compared with the locations of detected leptospirosis clusters. The disease was more common in men and in the age group from 15 to 69 years. In the scan statistics performed, only space-time showed significant results. Clusters were detected in all municipalities in 2008, when natural disasters preceded by heavy rainfall occurred. One of the municipalities also had clusters in 2011. In these clusters, most of the cases lived in urban areas and areas at risk for experiencing natural disasters. The interaction between time (time of disaster occurrence) and space (areas at risk of experiencing natural disasters) were the determining factors affecting cluster formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2020.903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:54:13Z","timestamp":1606438453000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Leptospirosis and its spatial and temporal relations with natural disasters in six municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3646-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Elisa Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Chiaravalloti Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gleice Margarete de Souza","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bermudi PMM, Guirado MM, Rodas LAC, Dibo MR, Chiaravalloti Neto F, 2018. Spatio-temporal analysis of the occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Ara\u00e7atuba, State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 51:452-460.","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0505-2017"},{"key":"1404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardim MFM, Guirado MM, Dibo MR, Chiaravalloti Neto F, 2016. Leishmaniose visceral no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil: an\u00e1lise espacial e espa\u00e7o-temporal. Rev Saude Publica 50:1-11.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1518-8787.2016050005965"},{"key":"1405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coleman M, Coleman M, Mabuza AM, Kok G, Coetzee M, Durrheim DN, 2009. Using the SaTScan method to detect local malaria clusters for guiding malaria control programmes. Malar J 8:1-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-68"},{"key":"1406","unstructured":"DATASUS - Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica do SUS. Informa\u00e7\u00f5es de Sa\u00fade (TABNET). Available from: http:\/\/www2.datasus.gov.br\/DATASUS\/index.php?area=02. Accessed: May 11, 2019."},{"key":"1407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deshmukh P, Narang R, Jain J, Jain M, Pote K, Narang P, Raj RV, Kumar P, Vijayachari P, 2019. Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India - Analysis of hospital based surveillance data. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 7:102-106.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2018.02.005"},{"key":"1408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farinelli EC, Baquero OS, Stephan C, Chiaravalloti Neto F, 2018. Low socioeconomic condition and the risk of dengue fever: A direct relationship. Acta Trop 180:47-57.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.01.005"},{"key":"1409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitas CM, Silva DRX, Sena ARM, Silva EL, Sales LBF, Carvalho ML, Mazoto ML, Barcellos C, Costa AM, Oliveira MLC, Corval\u00e1n C, 2014. Desastres naturais e sa\u00fade: uma an\u00e1lise da situa\u00e7\u00e3o do Brasil. Cien Saude Colet 19:3645-3656.","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232014199.00732014"},{"key":"1410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves NV, Ara\u00fajo EM, Sousa J\u00fanior AS, Pereira WMM, Miranda CSC, Campos PSS, Matos MWS, Pal\u00e1cios VRCM, 2016. Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o espa\u00e7o-temporal da leptospirose e fatores de risco em Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brasil. Cien Saude Colet 21:3947-3955.","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320152112.07022016"},{"key":"1411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez JD, Mart\u00ednez-Veja RA, 2018. Spatiotemporal dynamics of human leptospirosis and its relationship with rainfall anomalies in Colombia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 112:115\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try032"},{"key":"1412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han J, Zhu L, Kulldorff M, Hostovich S, Stinchcomb DG, Tatalovich Z, Lewis DR, Feuer EJ, 2016. Using Gini coefficient to determining optimal cluster reporting sizes for spatial scan statistics. Int J Health Geogr 15:1-11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-016-0056-6"},{"key":"1413","unstructured":"IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica. Estados@. 2018. Available from: https:\/\/cidades.ibge.gov.br\/brasil\/sc\/panorama. Accessed: June 09, 2019."},{"key":"1414","unstructured":"IBGE \u2013 Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica. Cidades@. 2010. Available from: https:\/\/cidades.ibge.gov.br\/. Accessed: June 09, 2019."},{"key":"1415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugeler K J, Farley GM, Forrester JD, Mead PS, 2015. Geographic Distribution and Expansion of Human Lyme Disease, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 21:1455-1457.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.141878"},{"key":"1416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulldorff MA, 1997. Spatial scan statistic. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 26:1481-1496.","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995"},{"key":"1417","unstructured":"Kulldorff MA, 2015. Information Management Services, Inc. SaTScanTM User Guide. SaTScanTM v. 9.4: Software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics [internet]. Boston (MA): Harvard University. Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de Alessandra Cristina Guedes Pellini. Available from: http:\/\/www.satscan.org\/techdoc.html. Accessed: January 02, 2017."},{"key":"1418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lara JM, Zuben AV, Costa JV, Donalisio MR, Francisco PMSB, 2019. Leptospirose no munic\u00edpio de Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil: 2007 a 2014. Rev Bras Epidemiol 22:1-13.","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720190016"},{"key":"1419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Londe LR, Marchezini V, Concei\u00e7\u00e3o RS, Bortoletto KC, Silva AEP, Santos EV, Reani RT, 2015. Impactos de desastres socioambientais em sa\u00fade p\u00fablica: estudos dos casos dos Estados de Santa Catarina em 2008 e Pernambuco em 2010. Rev Bras Estud Popul 32:537-562.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-3098201500000031"},{"key":"1420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melchior LAK, Chiaravalloti Neto F, 2016. Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of malaria in the state of Acre, western Amazon, Brazil. Geospat Health 11:233-239.","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2016.443"},{"key":"1421","unstructured":"MS, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Desenvolvimento da Epidemiologia em Servi\u00e7os, 2017. Guia de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. 2. ed. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, 705 pp."},{"key":"1422","unstructured":"MS, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica, 2010. Doen\u00e7as infecciosas e parasit\u00e1rias: guia de bolso. 8. ed. rev. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 444 pp."},{"key":"1423","unstructured":"OPAS - Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-Americana da Sa\u00fade. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, 2014. Desastres Naturais e Sa\u00fade no Brasil. (S\u00e9rie Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel e Sa\u00fade, 2). Bras\u00edlia, DF: OPAS, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 49 pp."},{"key":"1424","unstructured":"Paploski IAD, 2013. Hist\u00f3ria natural da leptospirose urbana: influ\u00eancia do sexo e da idade no risco de infec\u00e7\u00e3o, progress\u00e3o cl\u00ednica da doen\u00e7a e \u00f3bito. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o (Mestrado em Biotecnologia em Sa\u00fade e Medicina Investigativa) \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador \u2013 BA."},{"key":"1425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelissari DM, Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Arsky MLNS, Nunes ML, 2011. Revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica dos fatores associados \u00e0 leptospirose no Brasil, 2000-2009. Epidemiol Serv Saude 20:565-574.","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742011000400016"},{"key":"1426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellini ACG, Cavalin RF, Francisco MA, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Zanetta DMT, 2017. A trajet\u00f3ria da epidemia de aids nas mulheres residentes no munic\u00edpio de S\u00e3o Paulo, de 1983 a 2012. Hygeia 13:42-57.","DOI":"10.14393\/Hygeia132604"},{"key":"1427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto PFPS, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Ribeiro MCSA, 2018. Tuberculosis among South American immigrants in S\u00e3o Paulo municipality: an analysis in space and time. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 22:80\u201385.","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0320"},{"key":"1428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Vivas CM, Falconar AK, 2016. Leptospira spp. y leptospirosis humana. Salud Uninorte 32:123-143.","DOI":"10.14482\/sun.32.1.8479"},{"key":"1429","unstructured":"S2ID - Sistema Integrado de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre Desastres. Arquivo Digital. Available from: https:\/\/s2id-search.labtrans.ufsc.br\/. Accessed: April 15, 2018."},{"key":"1430","unstructured":"Santos LBL, Assis MC, Silva AEP, Angelis CF, 2012. Sobre risco, amea\u00e7a e vulnerabilidade \u00e0 Leptospirose em situa\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00f3s-alagamentos, inunda\u00e7\u00f5es e enxurradas: reconstruindo o epis\u00f3dio do Vale do Itaja\u00ed (2008-2009). In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO SOBRE DESASTRES NATURAIS. Anais... Rio Claro: Unesp, 1-10."},{"key":"1431","unstructured":"Silva FA, 2014. Percep\u00e7\u00e3o dos riscos e desastres ambientais dos anos de 2008 e 2011 em Jaragu\u00e1 do Sul \u2013 SC. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Tr\u00eas Lagoas - MS."},{"key":"1432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva Dias MAF, 2014. Eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos. Revista USP: Dossi\u00ea Clima 103:33-40.","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.2316-9036.v0i103p33-40"},{"key":"1433","unstructured":"Silva Dias MAF (Ed.), 2009. As chuvas de novembro de 2008 em Santa Catarina: um estudo de caso visando \u00e0 melhoria do monitoramento e da previs\u00e3o de eventos extremos: nota t\u00e9cnica INPE-INMET-EPAGRI. S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos. 67 pp."},{"key":"1434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza VMM, Arsky MLNS, Castro APB, Ara\u00fajo WN, 2011. Anos potenciais de vida perdidos e custos hospitalares da leptospirose no Brasil. Rev Saude Publica 45:1001-8.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102011005000070"},{"key":"1435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sulistyawati, Nirmalawati T, Mardenta RN, 2016. Spatial analysis of leptospirosis disease in Bantul Regency Yogyakarta. KEMAS 12:111-119.","DOI":"10.15294\/kemas.v12i1.4615"},{"key":"1436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumanta H, Wibawa T, Hadisusanto S, Nuryati A, Kusnanto H, 2015. Spatial Analysis of Leptospira in Rats, Water and Soil in Bantul District Yogyakarta Indonesia. Open J Epidemiol 5:22-31.","DOI":"10.4236\/ojepi.2015.51004"},{"key":"1437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traxler RM, Callinan LS, Holman RC, Steiner C, Guerra MA, 2014. Leptospirosis-Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 1998\u20132009. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1273-1279.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2008.130450"},{"key":"1438","unstructured":"WHO, Leptospirosis. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/leptospirosis\/en\/. Accessed: May 20, 2019."},{"key":"1439","unstructured":"WHO, 2010. Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG). Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/zoonoses\/diseases\/lerg\/en\/. Accessed: May 20, 2019."},{"key":"1440","unstructured":"WHO, 2009. Estimating the global burden of human Leptospirosis. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/zoonoses\/diseases\/Lerg_brochure.pdf?ua=1. Accessed: May 20, 2019."},{"key":"1441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xavier DR, Barcellos C, Barros HS, Magalh\u00e3es MAFM, Matos VP, Pedroso MM, 2014a. Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o, disponibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e possibilidades de an\u00e1lise de dados sobre desastres de origem clim\u00e1tica e seus impactos sobre a sa\u00fade no Brasil. Cien Saude Colet 19:3657-3668.","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232014199.00992014"},{"key":"1442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xavier DR, Barcellos C, Freitas CM, 2014b. Eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos e consequ\u00eancias sobre a sa\u00fade: o desastre de 2008 em Santa Catarina segundo diferentes fontes de informa\u00e7\u00e3o. Ambiente & Sociedade 17:273-294.","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4422ASOC1119V1742014"},{"key":"1443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zucco FD, Magalh\u00e3es MRA, Moretti SLA, 2010. Gest\u00e3o de Riscos e Desastres Naturais no Turismo: um estudo do munic\u00edpio de Blumenau\/SC. Turismo em an\u00e1lise 21:594-620.","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.1984-4867.v21i3p594-620"}],"container-title":["Geospatial Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geospatialhealth.net\/index.php\/gh\/article\/download\/903\/914","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/geospatialhealth.net\/index.php\/gh\/article\/download\/903\/914","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T09:37:18Z","timestamp":1615541838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/geospatialhealth.net\/index.php\/gh\/article\/view\/903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/gh.2020.903","relation":{},"ISSN":["1970-7096","1827-1987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1970-7096","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1827-1987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]}}}