{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:21:17Z","timestamp":1771255277742,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geospat Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In urban planning practice, urban basic public service facilities are essential spatial carriers for advancing social fairness and public wellbeing. Traditional methods of resource allocation that are primarily motivated by supply efficiency are facing new difficulties as China's urban spatial structure shifts from incremental expansion to stock optimization. As fundamental tenets of modern urban planning, equity and justice demand a more inclusive reevaluation of facility allocation, especially with regard to service accessibility and equitable for vulnerable populations. Beijing was chosen as the study region for this investigation, and information on public service facilities for people with disabilities was gathered from 6,080 residential neighborhoods. Accessibility was assessed using an integrated GIS-based analytical framework that combined kernel density analysis, surface-based hotspot detection, network analysis, and inverse distance weighting. This framework was based on the 15-minute living-circle concept and the actual walking speed of people with disabilities. A gap in previous research, which frequently depends on aggregated administrative units and ignores fine-scale spatial inequalities, is filled by the inclusion of surface-based hotspot detection, which enables accurate identification of high-accessibility clusters and peak areas. With high-value clusters concentrated in particular districts and obvious spatial mismatches between facility layouts and anticipated service needs, the results show notable differences in accessibility and facility distribution across service categories. This study suggests methods to increase facility coverage, optimize spatial organization, and improve street-level accessibility in order to overcome unequal facility distribution and insufficient street-network support. The results highlight a change from basic coverage to user-centered service quality and structural adaptability, which supports inclusive urban growth and the sustainable use of land resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2026.1460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:54:15Z","timestamp":1770137655000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accessibility evaluation of urban basic public service facilities for persons with disabilities: a case study of central Beijing"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhizhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiyang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"35156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2023.101446"},{"key":"35157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2016.01.011"},{"key":"35158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app142210289"},{"key":"35159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015339216366"},{"key":"35160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45738-3_9"},{"key":"35161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2022.101515"},{"key":"35162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2019.09.019"},{"key":"35163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2023.101735"},{"key":"35164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800186.810616"},{"key":"35165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2015.12.005"},{"key":"35166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/030913297674200034"},{"key":"35167","unstructured":"Gleeson B. 1999. Geographies of Disability. Routledge, London, 9 pp."},{"key":"35168","unstructured":"Groch SA, 1991. Public services available to persons with disabilities in major U.S. cities. J Rehabil 57:23."},{"key":"35169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01944365908978307"},{"key":"35170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b37130"},{"key":"35171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/land12091793"},{"key":"35172","unstructured":"Kelobonye K, McCarney G, Xia J, Swapan MSH, Mao F, Zhou H, 2020. Measuring spatial accessibility and spatial equity for non-motorized transport using the improved two-step floating catchment area method. Sustainability 12:356."},{"key":"35173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18281"},{"key":"35174","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhao X, 1995. The barrier-free environment design of Enjili neighborhoods. J Archit 4:25\u20137."},{"key":"35175","unstructured":"Ma X, Wang Z, 2017. Application of the coefficient weighted method in multi-zone coordinate transformation. Sci Technol Eng 17:180\u20136."},{"key":"35176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.02.001"},{"key":"35177","unstructured":"People\u2019s Republic of China. The Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China on Barrier-Free Environment Construction, 2023. https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/yaowen\/liebiao\/202306\/content_6888910.htm (accessed on 16 April 2025)."},{"key":"35178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101489"},{"key":"35179","unstructured":"Qiu Z, Li A, Huang K, Guo J, Zhang A, Liu Q, Li Q, Chen D, 2018. A study on the concept and measurement of disability by international organizations based on ICF and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract 24:1117\u201321."},{"key":"35180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.127896"},{"key":"35181","unstructured":"Shakespeare T, 1996. Disability, identity, difference. Disability Press, Leeds, UK, 94\u2013113 pp."},{"key":"35182","unstructured":"Silverman BW, 1986. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Chapman & Hall, London, UK."},{"key":"35183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2023.104637"},{"key":"35184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19708"},{"key":"35185","unstructured":"Sun C, Wang B, Zhang Y, 2012. A preliminary study on barrier-free transport system in Shenzhen based on universal design concepts. Urban Planning Forum 3:63-9."},{"key":"35186","unstructured":"United Nations, Disability statistics. Accessed on 10 April 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.un.org\/zh\/day-of-persons-with-disabilities\/background"},{"key":"35187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2011.624987"},{"key":"35188","unstructured":"Wang L, Pu Y, Li R, 2015. A study on leisure space use of persons with disabilities: a case study of Wulipaifang community in Jinan. In: 60 Years of Planning: Achievements and Challenges\u2014Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference of the Urban Planning Society of China, Urban Planning Society of China: Beijing, China."},{"key":"35189","unstructured":"Wei W, Hong M, Zhou J, Xia J, 2020. Evaluation method of basic urban public service facilities from the perspective of \u2018urbanites\u2019: a case study of Wuhan. Urban Plan Rev 44:71\u201380."},{"key":"35190","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2025. Disability and health. WHO. Accessed on 14 March 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/zh\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/disability-and-health"},{"key":"35191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.127893"},{"key":"35192","unstructured":"Xiang Y, 2010. An analysis of the daily activity characteristics and constraints of people with lower limb disabilities in Beijing. In: Planning Innovation\u2014Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Urban Planning Society of China, Urban Planning Society of China: Chongqing, China."},{"key":"35193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17052255"},{"key":"35194","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhou X, Tang G, Zhou L, Ye X, 2020. Urban catering service hotspot detection and spatial pattern analysis based on the GIS field model. Geogr Res 39:354\u201369."},{"key":"35195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f14091801"}],"container-title":["Geospatial Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.geospatialhealth.net\/gh\/article\/download\/1460\/1546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.geospatialhealth.net\/gh\/article\/download\/1460\/1554","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.geospatialhealth.net\/gh\/article\/download\/1460\/1546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T14:44:44Z","timestamp":1771253084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.geospatialhealth.net\/gh\/article\/view\/1460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/gh.2026.1460","relation":{},"ISSN":["1970-7096","1827-1987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1970-7096","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1827-1987","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]}}}