{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T20:33:11Z","timestamp":1648845191910},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has long been a standard treatment for lymphoma. Improvements to the efficacy of this regimen can be made by increasing the doses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, as in the chemotherapeutic regimen of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone (ACVBP), and by reducing the standard dosing interval, as seen with the CHOP-14 regimen. Adding the immunotherapeutic agent rituximab (R) to either CHOP or ACVBP has been shown to improve outcomes significantly, such that six cycles of R-CHOP plus two cycles of rituximab are as effective as eight cycles of R-CHOP, and R-CHOP-21 appears to be at least as effective as the more dose-intense R-CHOP-14. In patients who have several adverse prognostic factors, RACVBP plus autologous stem-cell transplantation has been shown to produce good treatment outcomes. The use of positron emission tomography scanning before and early in treatment should allow prediction of long-term outcomes, and therefore the adaptation of treatment to individual prognosis and treatment needs. In patients with follicular lymphoma, rituximab has been shown to improve the efficacy of conventional chemotherapies. In addition, rituximab alone or yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan are effective maintenance therapies in this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2011.s3.e3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,8]],"date-time":"2011-11-08T14:42:43Z","timestamp":1320763363000},"page":"e3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Current Approaches to the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Gisselbrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-144790","article-title":"Molecular biology of bcr-abl1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"113","author":"Quint\u00e1s-Cardama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"803","article-title":"Differential molecular response of the transcripts B2A2 and B3A2 to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"4","author":"de Lemos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.009134","article-title":"Chronic myeloid leukemia patients with the e13a2 BCR-ABL fusion transcript have inferior responses to imatinib compared to patients with the e14a2 transcript","volume":"94","author":"Lucas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-009-0822-7","article-title":"Response to Imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with variant BCR-ABL fusion transcripts","volume":"89","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20682","article-title":"Molecular profiling of chronic myeloid leukemia in eastern India","volume":"81","author":"Mondal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01170.x","article-title":"Correlation of BCR\/ABL transcript variants with patients\u2019 characteristics in childhood chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"82","author":"Adler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.12.3125.3125","article-title":"A possible correlation between the type of bcr-abl hybrid messenger RNA and platelet count in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"78","author":"Inokuchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00128-3","article-title":"The possible influences of B2A2 and B3A2 BCR\/ABL protein structure on thrombopoiesis in chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"36","author":"Perego","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950915)76:6<992::AID-CNCR2820760612>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"The breakpoint cluster region site in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clinical, laboratory, and prognostic correlations","volume":"76","author":"Verschraegen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Analysis of the clinical relevance of the breakpoint location within M-BCR and the type of chimeric mRNA in chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Rozman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(92)90039-A","article-title":"No correlation between site of breakpoint in the BCR gene and platelet counts in Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML","volume":"16","author":"Opalka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.7.2375.bloodjournal8872375","article-title":"The diversity of BCR-ABL fusion proteins and their relationship to leukemia phenotype","volume":"88","author":"Melo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08362.x","article-title":"Analysis of molecular breakpoint and m-RNA transcripts in a prospective randomized trial of interferon in chronic myeloid leukaemia: no correlation with clinical features, cytogenetic response, duration of chronic phase, or survival","volume":"89","author":"Shepherd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990901)86:5<805::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Multidrug resistance protein expression in chronic myeloid leukemia: associations and significance","volume":"86","author":"Giles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.8-5-411","article-title":"The role of ABC transporters in clinical practice","volume":"8","author":"Leonard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01757351","article-title":"Clinical importance of P-glycoprotein-related resistance in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes--first experience with their reversal","volume":"69","author":"N\u00fcssler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(90)90141-U","article-title":"Expression of the multidrug resistance gene in myeloid leukemias","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"1990","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199809058354","article-title":"Prognostic value of P-glycoprotein and leukocyte differentiation antigens in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Stavrovskaya","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"200","article-title":"Overexpression of MDR-related p170 glycoprotein in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"79","author":"Michelutti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.13.1133","article-title":"Expression of mdr1 and mdr3 multidrug-resistance genes in human acute and chronic leukemias and association with stimulation of drug accumulation by cyclosporine","volume":"82","author":"Herweijer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1086\/303082","article-title":"Neonatal and fetal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphisms: an examination of C677T and A1298C mutations","volume":"67","author":"Isotalo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401592","article-title":"Standardized RT-PCR analysis of fusion gene transcripts from chromosome aberrations in acute leukemia for detection of minimal residual disease. Report of the BIOMED-1 Concerted Action: investigation of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia","volume":"13","author":"van Dongen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(98)00089-7","article-title":"Drug resistance of secondary acute myeloid leukemia with megakaryoblastic features and p190 BCR-ABL rearrangement","volume":"22","author":"Veelken","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"339","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/339237a0","article-title":"Avoiding false positives with PCR","volume":"18","author":"Kwok","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201490","article-title":"BCR-ABL activates pathways mediating cytokine independence and protection against apoptosis in murine hematopoietic cells in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"16","author":"Cambier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"695","article-title":"The role of the MDR-1\/P-170 mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Weide","year":"1990","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1086","article-title":"Frequency and clinical significance of the expression of the multidrug resistance proteins MDR1\/P-glycoprotein, MRP1, and LRP in acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study","volume":"94","author":"Leith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2001.03322.x","article-title":"P-glycoprotein, lung resistance-related protein and multidrug resistance-associated protein in de novo adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"116","author":"Damiani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1261","article-title":"The relevance of multidrug resistance-associated P-glycoprotein expression in the treatment response of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"85","author":"Svoboda-Beusan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190290033279","article-title":"Mdr1 gene expression and mutations in Ras proto-oncogenes in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"43","author":"Schaich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"268","article-title":"Regulation of the multidrug resistance genes by stress signals","volume":"3","author":"Sukhai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11746","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.25.11746","article-title":"The Bcr-Abl leukemia oncogene activates Jun kinase and requires Jun for transformation","volume":"92","author":"Raitano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"680","article-title":"Human stem cell model to study signal transduction and molecular regulation mechanisms in CML","volume":"114","author":"Fan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"2217","article-title":"DNA methylation of multiple promoter-associated CpG islands in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Garcia-Manero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.069724","article-title":"Haplotype-oriented genetic analysis and functional assessment of promoter variants in the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene","volume":"311","author":"Takane","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"4955","article-title":"MDR1 gene polymorphisms affect therapy outcome in acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"62","author":"Illmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4238\/vol9-1gmr669","article-title":"Effect of MDR1 polymorphism on multidrug resistance expression in breast cancer patients","volume":"9","author":"Taheri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403257","article-title":"P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux is a resistance mechanism of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to treatment with imatinib mesylate","volume":"18","author":"Illmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"}],"container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2038-8330\/3\/13\/e3\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T06:40:50Z","timestamp":1645598450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2038-8330\/3\/13\/e3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["hr.2011.s3.e3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/hr.2011.s3.e3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2038-8330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2038-8330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]}}}