{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:20:39Z","timestamp":1787631639525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral mucositis is an important side effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCST), mainly due to toxicity of conditioning regimens. It produces significant pain and morbidity. The present study reports a prospective, randomized, non-blinded study testing the efficacy of a new mouthwash, called Baxidil Onco\u00ae (Sanitas Farmaceutici Srl, Tortona, Italy) in 60 hematologic patients undergoing HCST (28 autologous, 32 allogeneic). Baxidil Onco\u00ae, used three times a day from Day \u22121 to Day +30, in addition to standard prophylactic schedules, was administered to 14 patients undergoing autologous and 14 patients undergoing allogeneic HCST. The remaining 32 patients (14 autologous and 18 HCST) were treated only with standard prophylactic schedules and served as control. In our study, the overall incidence of oral mucositis, measured according to the World Health Organization 0\u20134 scale, was 50% in the Baxidl Onco\u00ae group versus 82% in the control group (P = 0.022). In addition, a significant reduction in scale 2\u20134 oral mucositis was observed in the Baxidil Onco\u00ae group (25% vs. 56.2%; P = 0.0029). The results obtained indicate that incidence, severity and duration of oral mucositis induced by conditioning regi- mens for HCST can be significantly reduced by oral rinsing with Baxidil Onco\u00ae, in addition to the standard prophylaxis scheme. Since Camelia sinensin extract, which is used to produce green tea, is the main agent in this mouthwash, we hypothesize that the anti-oxidative properties of polyphenolic compounds of tea might exert protective effects on oral mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2013.e6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T10:21:39Z","timestamp":1365070899000},"page":"e6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Hematologic Patients Undergoing Autologous or Allogeneic Transplantation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells: A Prospective, Randomized Study with a Mouthwash Containing Camelia sinensis Leaf Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Carulli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Panichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara Feira","family":"Chios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Ciurli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Mannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Sordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Caracciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Papineschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Petrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702447","article-title":"Mucosal barrier injury: biology, pathology, clinical counterparts and consequences of intensive treatment for haematological malignancy: an overview","volume":"25","author":"Blijlevens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11671","article-title":"The burdens of cancer therapy. Clinical and economic outcomes of chemotherapy-induced mucositis","volume":"98","author":"Elting","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"853","article-title":"Review article: oral and intestinal mucositis - causes and possible treatments","author":"Duncan","year":"200","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Suppl","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01201.x","article-title":"Clinical assessment and management of the oral environment in the oncology patient","volume":"55","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.10232","article-title":"Mucositis in patients with hematologic malignancies: an overview","volume":"92","author":"Niscola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02202.x","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of oral mucositis in patients receiving myeloablative conditioning regimens and haemopoietic progenitor rescue","volume":"110","author":"Wardley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.3.731","article-title":"Comparison of 200 mg\/m(2) melphalan and 8 Gy total body irradiation plus 140 mg\/m(2) melphalan as conditioning regimens for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: final analysis of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome 9502 randomized trial","volume":"99","author":"Moreau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704637","article-title":"High-dose CEB vs BEAM with autologous stem cell transplant in lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Suppl","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20162","article-title":"Perspectives on cancer therapy-induced mucosal injury: pathogenesis, measurement, epidemiology, and consequences for patients","volume":"100","author":"Sonis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-006-0176-9","article-title":"Oral mucositis and outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"15","author":"Vera-Llonch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0586-6","article-title":"Self-reported experience of mucositis in cancer patients who underwent conditioning regimen and stem cell transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Ozturk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2005.69.8.tb03989.x","article-title":"Cancer Therapy-Related Oral Mucositis","volume":"69","author":"Redding","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.08.012","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of an oral care intervention to reduce mucositis severity in stem cell transplant patients","volume":"4","author":"Salvador","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2009.2699","article-title":"The prevention of induced oral mucositis with low-level laser therapy in bone marrow transplantation patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"311","article-title":"Prevention of mucositis in oncology patients undergoing radiation therapy","volume":"63","author":"Papas","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Dent Res IADR"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"483","article-title":"Control of oral mucositis and candidiasis in marrow transplant patients: a prospective double-blind trial of chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse","volume":"3","author":"Ferretti","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"154a","article-title":"IB-367 reduces the number of days of severe oral mucositis complicating myeloablative chemotherapy","volume":"94","author":"Vesole","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2007.10.002","article-title":"Management of oral mucositis in patients with cancer","volume":"52","author":"Lalla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010369","article-title":"Carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for high-risk malignant lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Przepiorka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.318","article-title":"Fotemustine plus etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (FEAM) as a new conditioning regimen for lymphoma patients undergoing auto-SCT: a multicenter feasibility study","volume":"45","author":"Musso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2010.550663","article-title":"Infusional mitoxantrone plus bolus melphalan as a stem cell transplant conditioning regimen for multiple myeloma","volume":"29","author":"Beaven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"Suppl","article-title":"Busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) for marrow transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Santos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.11.004","article-title":"Low-dose total body irradiation and fludarabine conditioning for HLA class I-mismatched donor stem cell transplantation and immunologic recovery in patients with hematologic malignancies: a multicenter trial","volume":"16","author":"Nakamae","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5144\/1658-3876.2011.17","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide plus total body irradiation compared with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide as a conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0598","article-title":"Thiotepa\/cyclophosphamide\/TBI as a conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients aged 50 years and over","volume":"47","author":"Fujimaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.189","article-title":"Reduced-intensity conditioning using fkudarabine, melphalan and thiotepa for adult patients undergoing haploidentical SCT","volume":"45","author":"Ciurea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"A novel conditioning regimen with excellent DFS using thiotepa, melphalan and cyclophosphamide in bone marrow transplantation of multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Venigalla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1964.0034","article-title":"The simplified oral hygiene index","volume":"68","author":"Greene","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<207::AID-CNCR2820470134>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Reporting results in cancer patients","volume":"47","author":"Miller","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-008-0372-0","article-title":"Antioxidative and anti-carcinogenetic activities of tea polyphenols","volume":"83","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690390826464","article-title":"Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions","volume":"43","author":"Higdon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.06.013","article-title":"The antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of green tea polyphenols: a role in cancer prevention","volume":"501","author":"Lambert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2174\/187152907780830905","article-title":"Green tea polyphenols as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for cardiovascular protection","volume":"7","author":"Tipoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.10.3285S","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of tea: evidence from human clinical trials","volume":"133","author":"Rietveld","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1558","article-title":"Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of tea flavanols after consumption of green tea, black tea, or a green tea extract supplement","volume":"80","author":"Henning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.12.044","article-title":"Green tea and the skin","volume":"52","author":"Hsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200050179","article-title":"Prophylaxis with povidone-iodine against induction of oral mucositis by radiochemotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Adamietz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869009090032","article-title":"Effect of prophylactic sucralfate suspension on stomatitis induced by cancer chemotherapy. A randomized, double-blind cross-over study","volume":"29","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"CD001973","article-title":"Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment","volume":"18","author":"Clarkson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8318","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-1118","article-title":"Phase I\/II randomized trial evaluating the safety and clinical effects of Repifermin administered to reduce mucositis in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Freytes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040125","article-title":"Palifermin for oral mucositis after intensive therapy for hematologic cancers","volume":"351","author":"Spielberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl332","article-title":"Palifermin (recombinant keratinocyte growth factor-1): a pleiotropic growth factor with multiple biological activities in preventing chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis","volume":"18","author":"Blijleven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705846","article-title":"The influence of palifermin (Kepivance) on oral mucositis and acute graft versus host disease in patients with hematological diseases undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant","volume":"40","author":"Nasilowska-Adamska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.157","article-title":"Palifermin reduces incidence and severity of oral mucositis in allogeneic stem-cell transplant recipients","volume":"42","author":"Langner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02149.x","article-title":"Amifostine can reduce mucosal damage after high-dose melphalan conditioning for peripheral blood progenitor cell autotransplant: a retrospective study","volume":"110","author":"Capelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703757","article-title":"Amifostine reduces mucosal damage after high-dose melphalan conditioning and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Thieblemont","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"}],"container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pagepress.org\/journals\/index.php\/hr\/article\/viewFile\/4600\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2038-8330\/5\/1\/e6\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T01:50:44Z","timestamp":1645581044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2038-8330\/5\/1\/e6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["hr.2013.e6"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/hr.2013.e6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2038-8330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2038-8330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]]}}}