{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T09:09:40Z","timestamp":1722416980609},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to determine HIV-1 kinetics in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM), we undertook a prospective collection of paired CSF\/plasma samples from antiretroviral therapy- free HIV-infected patients with CM. Samples were obtained at baseline (S1) and at the second (S2) and third (S3) weeks of antifungal therapy. HIV-1 CSF concentrations were significantly lower in both S2 and S3 with respect to S1. Plasma concentrations remained stable. HIV-1 concentrations were higher in plasma than CSF in all cases. Patients who survived the episode of CM (but not those who died) showed a decrease in CSF viral load, what suggests different viral kinetics of HIV-1 in the CSF according to the clinical course of this opportunistic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2012.e30","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T13:40:52Z","timestamp":1335447652000},"page":"e30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Kinetics of HIV-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Cryptococcal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Diego M.","family":"Cecchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ca\u00f1izal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haroldo","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Arechavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Negroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda B.","family":"Bouzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Benetucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Kidney and central nervous system as reservoirs of HIV infection","volume":"1","author":"Fierer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199908200-00008","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA levels in asymptomatic patients with early stage chronic HIV-1 infection: support for the hypothesis of local virus replication","volume":"13","author":"Garcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1086\/649858","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Perfect","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1086\/517379","article-title":"High human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA load in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with lymphocytic meningitis","volume":"177","author":"Morris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199803010-00005","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cell counts influence CSF HIV-1 RNA levels","volume":"17","author":"Claes","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1086\/514001","article-title":"Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with AIDS dementia stage","volume":"175","author":"Brew","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2005000600001","article-title":"HIV-1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma and their correlation with opportunistic neurological diseases in a Brazilian AIDS reference hospital","volume":"63","author":"Christo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-98","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment","volume":"5","author":"Spudich","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-2-8","article-title":"Variables that influence HIV-1 cerebrospinal fluid viral load in cryptococcal meningitis: a linear regression analysis","volume":"2","author":"Cecchini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.4.927","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA originates from both local CNS and systemic sources","volume":"54","author":"Ellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.3.1746","article-title":"IFN gamma at the site of infection determines the rate of clearance of infection in cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"174","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1086\/517344","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis: no leukocytosis despite high interleukin-8 levels","volume":"176","author":"Chaka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1086\/317937","article-title":"Immune mediators in cerebrospinal fluid during cryptococcosis are influenced by meningeal involvement and human immunodeficiency virus serostatus","volume":"183","author":"Lortholary","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000384","article-title":"Clinical features and serum bio-markers in HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Boulware","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-63","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA, intrathecal immunoactivation, and drug concentrations after treatment with a combination of saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues: the M61022 study","volume":"6","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pagepress.org\/journals\/index.php\/idr\/article\/viewFile\/3943\/3540","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pagepress.org\/journals\/index.php\/idr\/article\/viewFile\/3943\/5099","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7449\/4\/2\/e30\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T03:16:11Z","timestamp":1644462971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7449\/4\/2\/e30"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["idr.2012.e30"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/idr.2012.e30","relation":{},"ISSN":["2036-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2036-7449","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]]}}}