{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T03:56:40Z","timestamp":1785038200881,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,8]],"date-time":"2015-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lemierre syndrome is defined by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein caused by Fusobacterium. Historically, these infections originate from the oropharynx and typically are seen in older children, adolescents and young adults. More recently, otogenic sources in younger children have been described with increasing frequency. We present a case of a two-year old, who initially developed an otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane and went on to develop mastoiditis and non-occlusive thrombosis of the venous sinus and right internal jugular vein. Fusobacterium necrophorum was grown from operative cultures of the mastoid, ensuing computed tomography scan revealed occlusion of the internal jugular vein and the patient was successfully treated with clindamycin, ciprofloxacin and enoxaparin. This case demonstrates the importance of considering Fusobacterium in otogenic infections and the consideration of Lemierre syndrome when F. necrophorum is identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2015.5922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T10:19:47Z","timestamp":1434363587000},"page":"5922","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Lemierre Syndrome Presenting as Acute Mastoiditis in a 2-Year-Old Girl with Congenital Dwarfism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jason B.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Prout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Alexander","family":"Blackwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Warrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0433","article-title":"Lemierre\u2019s and Lemierre\u2019s-like syndromes in children: survival and thromboembolic outcomes","volume":"116","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/nmi2.39","article-title":"Fusobacterium necrophorum, an emerging pathogen of otogenic and paranasal infections?","volume":"2","author":"Creemers-Schild","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)57035-4","article-title":"On certain septicaemias due to anaerrobic organisms","author":"Lemierre","year":"1936","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318169035e","article-title":"Fusobacterium necrophorum middle ear infections in children and related complications: report of 25 cases and literature review","volume":"27","author":"Le Monnier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31817319fa","article-title":"Lemierre syndrome in a 5-month-old male infant: case report and review of the pediatric literature","volume":"9","author":"Aspesberro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0938-y","article-title":"Life threatening complication of sore throat: Lemierre\u2019s syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e380","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.e380","article-title":"Increased diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome and other fusobacterium necrophorum infections at a children\u2019s hospital","volume":"112","author":"Ramirez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2008.09.006","article-title":"Lemierre syndrome: a pediatric case series and review of literature","volume":"31","author":"Ridgway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1134-6","article-title":"A patient with Lemierre syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Vargiami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-013-0340-6","article-title":"Fusobacterial infections in children","volume":"15","author":"Brook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e318236069f","article-title":"Lemierre syndrome in a 22-month-old due to Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"27","author":"Frizzola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lemierre\u2019s syndrome: recognising a typical presentation of a rare condition","volume":"2015","author":"Coultas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.10.003","article-title":"Fusobacterium necrophorum mastoiditis in children. 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