{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T09:29:14Z","timestamp":1759483754778,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Food Safety"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In early 2022, the confirmed presence of African swine fever (ASF) circulating in wild boars in mainland Italy and subsequently found in domestic pigs led to several changes regarding the export of pork and pork products to countries outside the European Union (non-EU). The sector suffered the complete and immediate closure of the markets of some countries, often without the measure being communicated in the forms stipulated by international agreements. Indeed, compliance with the current EU regulations does not guarantee the possibility of exporting to non-EU countries. Knowledge of the animal health status requirements of the country (Italy in this case) is essential for food business operators (FBOs) wishing to enter markets outside the EU according to the \u2018Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures\u2019. In cases where a sanitary protocol and a model of an official certificate with the importing country exist, the market is officially accessible according to the agreed sanitary requirements. Where no agreement exists, requirements are detailed in the \u2018import permit\u2019 issued to individual FBOs or may be known by directly accessing national regulations through the client\/importer. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to outline briefly the conditions imposed by the main non-EU countries for pork products, especially in light of the new epidemiological situation created by the spread of the ASF into a country previously free of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2024.12489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T10:27:43Z","timestamp":1715336863000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["African swine fever: implications for the Italian pork trade"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1042-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Rosamilia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4573-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Cotugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Miraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5571-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Riponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Capezzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Siragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pierantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"124697","unstructured":"Assica, 2022. Associazione Industriali delle Carni e dei Salumi. Available from: https:\/\/www.assica.it\/cat_news\/dati-economici\/#:~:text=Primi%209%20mesi%20del%202022,%25)%20(%2B12%2C3%25). Accessed on: 10\/03\/2024."},{"key":"124698","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costard S, Mur L, Lubroth J, Sanchez-Vizcaino J, Pfeiffer D, 2013. Epidemiology of African swine fever virus. Virus Res 173:191-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.030"},{"key":"124699","unstructured":"Department of Agricolture, 2022. Republic of the Philippines - Officer of the Secretary, 31\/01\/2022. Temporary ban on the importation of domestic and wild pigs and theri products including pork meat, pig skin, processed animal proteins and semen originating from Italy."},{"key":"124700","unstructured":"European Commission, 2020. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020\/687 of 17 December 2019 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016\/429 of the European Parliament and the Council, as regards rules for the prevention and control of certain listed diseases. In: Official Journal, L 174\/64, 3\/06\/2020."},{"key":"124701","unstructured":"European Commission, 2021. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2021\/605 of 7 April 2021 laying down special control measures for African swine fever. In: Official Journal, L 129\/1, 15\/04\/2021."},{"key":"124702","unstructured":"European Commission, 2023. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023\/594 of 16 March 2023 laying down special disease control measures for African swine fever and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/605. In: Official Journal, L 79\/65, 17\/03\/2023."},{"key":"124703","unstructured":"European Commission, 2024. Trade barriers. Available from: https:\/\/trade.ec.europa.eu\/access-to-markets\/en\/barriers\/details?barrier_id=12740&sps=true. 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Regulation (EU) 2017\/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on official controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed law, rules on animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products, amending Regulations (EC) No 999\/2001, (EC) No 396\/2005, (EC) No 1069\/2009, (EC) No 1107\/2009, (EU) No 1151\/2012, (EU) No 652\/2014, (EU) 2016\/429 and (EU) 2016\/2031 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulations (EC) No 1\/2005 and (EC) No 1099\/2009 and Council Directives 98\/58\/EC, 1999\/74\/EC, 2007\/43\/EC, 2008\/119\/EC and 2008\/120\/EC, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 854\/2004 and (EC) No 882\/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 89\/608\/EEC, 89\/662\/EEC, 90\/425\/EEC, 91\/496\/EEC, 96\/23\/EC, 96\/93\/EC and 97\/78\/EC and Council Decision 92\/438\/EEC (Official Controls Regulation)Text with EEA relevance. In: Official Journal, L 95\/1, 7\/04\/2017."},{"key":"124707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giammarioli M, Alessandro D, Camm\u00e0 C, Masoero L, Torresi C, Marcacci M, Zoppi S, Curini V, Rinaldi A, Rossi E, Casciari C, Pela M, Pellegrini C, Iscaro C, Feliziani F, 2023. Molecular characterization of the first African swine fever virus genotype ii strains identified from mainland Italy, 2022. Pathogens 12:372.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030372"},{"key":"124708","unstructured":"GOV.UK, 2020. Model health certificates for exports of live animals and animal products to Great Britain. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/health-certificates-for-animal-and-animal-product-imports-to-great-britain. Accessed on: 10\/03\/2024."},{"key":"124709","unstructured":"GOV.UK, 2023a. Check import risk categories and related rules for animals and animal products imported from the EU to Great Britain, from 31 January 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/risk-categories-for-animal-and-animal-product-imports-to-great-britain. Accessed on: 10\/03\/2024."},{"key":"124710","unstructured":"GOV.UK, 2023b. The Border Target Operating Model: August 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/the-border-target-operating-model-august-2023. Accessed on: 10\/03\/2024."},{"key":"124711","unstructured":"Guberti V, Khomenko S, Masiulis M, Kerba S, 2022. African swine fever in wild boar \u2013 ecology and biosecurity. Available from: https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2022\/07\/asf-in-wild-boar-ecology-and-biosecurity-2nd-ed.pdf."},{"key":"124712","unstructured":"Ismea, 2022. Carne suina e salumi. Available from: https:\/\/www.ismeamercati.it\/carni\/carne-suina-salumi. Accessed on: 10\/03\/2024."},{"key":"124713","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2016. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0000383-P-11\/01\/2016-DGISAN, \u201cEsportazione di prodotti a base di carne suina dall\u2019Italia verso la Corea del Sud. Revisione del certificato veterinario\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124714","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2021. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0027674-09\/07\/2021-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cBrexit \u2013 Certificazione sanitaria degli alimenti di origine animale e fonti informative sul luogo di origine delle materie prime\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124715","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022a. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0001031-17\/01\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cExport Paesi Terzi carni e prodotti a base di carne suine \u2013 rilascio certificazioni sanitarie a seguito della conferma della presenza del virus della Peste suina africana (PSA) nei selvatici in Italia continentale\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124716","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022b. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0004800-16\/02\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cRilascio certificazioni sanitarie a seguito della conferma della presenza del virus della Peste suina africana (PSA) nei selvatici in Italia continentale \u2013 Chiarimenti alla Circolare DGSAN n. 1031 del 17 gennaio 2022\u201d."},{"key":"124717","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022c. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0030704-11\/07\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cComunicazione delle Autorit\u00e0 Brasiliane n. 2712\/2022\/CGSF con la quale comunicano che non saranno ritenuti conformi certificati sanitari riportanti parti manoscritte, compresa la cancellazione delle parti da cancellare perch\u00e9 non applicabili\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124718","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022d. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0019922-10\/05\/2022-DGSAN-MDS-P, \u201cExport verso il Canada \u2013 aggiornamento certificato bilaterale per l\u2019esportazione di prodotti a base di carne\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124719","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022e. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0001715-21\/01\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cExport Canada carni e prodotti a base di carne suina \u2013 rilascio certificazioni sanitarie a seguito della conferma della presenza del virus della Peste suina africana (PSA) nei selvatici in Italia continentale\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124720","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022f. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0000708-12\/01\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cExport Paesi Terzi - Comunicazione conferma Peste suina africana (PSA) nei selvatici in regione Piemonte e Liguria\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124721","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022g. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0000239-07\/01\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cExport Paesi Terzi - Comunicazione conferma Peste suina africana (PSA) nei selvatici in regione Piemonte e Liguria\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124722","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022h. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0006698-28\/02\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cExport Paesi Terzi carni e prodotti a base di carne suine \u2013 rilascio certificazioni sanitarie a seguito della conferma della presenza del virus della Peste suina africana (PSA) nei selvatici in Italia continentale\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124723","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2022i. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0017668-27\/04\/2022-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cProposta di un nuovo certificato sanitario per l\u2019esportazione dei prodotti a base di carne suina in Vietnam\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124724","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2023a. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0020815-17\/05\/2023-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cRiapertura del mercato giapponese alle esportazioni di prodotti a base di carne suina cotti \u2013 modalit\u00e0 di presentazione delle manifestazioni di interesse da parte degli stabilimenti\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124725","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2023b. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0002348-25\/01\/2023-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cFilippine - Comunicazione revoca blocco export prodotti di origine suina\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124726","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2023c. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0048509-19\/12\/2023 DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cEsportazione di prodotti a base di carne suina a bassa stagionatura a Singapore\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124727","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2023d. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0032468-03\/08\/2023-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cNuovo modello di certificato veterinario per l\u2019esportazione di carni suine e prodotti a base di carni suine in Vietnam\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124728","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2023e. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0028436-10\/07\/2023-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cAggiornamento restrizioni all\u2019esportazione prodotti a base di carne suina in Corea del Sud\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124729","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2023f. Nota del Ministero della Salute 0047078-07\/12\/2023-DGISAN-MDS-P, \u201cAggiornamento restrizioni all\u2019esportazione prodotti a base di carne suina in Corea del Sud \u2013 Focolai PSA nella regione Emilia Romagna\u201d. [Material in Italian]."},{"key":"124730","unstructured":"Italian Republic, 2024. 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Can Inst Food Sci Technol J 18:163-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0315-5463(85)71775-0"},{"key":"124733","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKercher PD, Yedloutschnig RJ, Callis JJ, Murphy R, Panina GF, Civardi A, Bugnetti M, Foni E, Laddomada A, Scarano C, Scatozza F, 1987. Survival of viruses in \u201cprosciutto di Parma\u201d (Parma Ham). Can Inst Food Sci Technol 20:267-72.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0315-5463(87)71198-5"},{"key":"124734","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mebus C, Arias M, Pineda JM, Tapiador J, House C, S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno JM, 1997. Survival of several porcine viruses in different Spanish dry cured meat products. Food Chem 59:555-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(97)00006-X"},{"key":"124735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olesen AS, Belsham GJ, Bruun Rasmussen T, Lohse L, B\u00f8dker R, Halasa T, Boklund A, B\u00f8tner A, 2020. Potential routes for indirect transmission of African swine fever virus into domestic pig herds. 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