{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:09:02Z","timestamp":1788739742616,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Food Safety"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed the occurrence of Salmonella along the poultry production chain in Sardinia and characterized the isolates by serotyping and antimicrobial resistance testing, providing preliminary insights into contamination routes and consumer risk. Sampling was carried out in four sessions during 2024 at one farm, one slaughterhouse, and at retail, covering different stages of the production chain: 32 farm environmental samples, 48 slaughterhouse samples, and 92 retail chicken meat samples (skin-on cuts, skinless cuts, and meat preparations) were collected overall. A total of 172 samples were tested, and Salmonella isolates were serotyped and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples collected at either the farm or the slaughterhouse. The pathogen was detected in retail meat, with 21 positives out of 92 (22.8% prevalence). The highest prevalence was detected in samples of meat cuts with skin (11\/40, 27.5%), followed by poultry meat preparations (3\/12, 25%) and meat cuts without skin (7\/40, 17.5%). Of the 21 isolates, 20 (95%) were identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, while one isolate belonged to the serovar Thompson. S. Thompson isolate was susceptible to all tested antibiotics, whereas all S. Infantis isolates (100%) showed resistance to agents from at least three classes (quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines), indicating a high level of multidrug resistance. Moreover, resistance to cefoxitin, colistin, azithromycin, and tigecycline was observed. Our findings highlight the role of the poultry production chain as an important reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis and underline the need for strict control measures. Particular attention should be given to the retail stage and consumer handling, which remain critical points for the prevention of foodborne pathogen transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2026.14584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:46:52Z","timestamp":1774860412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The poultry chain in Sardinia (Italy): monitoring of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;\/i&gt; contamination and antibiotic resistance profiles"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Siddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Piras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Migoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bortolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Tiengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Grussu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Casula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Manca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Sau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cuccu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Pietro Luigi","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Scarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"249630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alba P, Leekitcharoenphon P, Carfora V, Amoruso R, Cordaro G, Di Matteo P, Ianzano A, Iurescia M, Diaconu EL, Engage-EURL-AR Network Study Group, Pedersen SK, Guerra B, Hendriksen RS, Franco A, Battisti A, 2020. Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Infantis in Europe: insights into the success of the bacterial host and its parasitic pESI-like megaplasmid. Microb Genom 6:e000365.","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000365"},{"key":"249631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antunes P, Mour\u00e3o J, Campos J, Peixe L, 2016. Salmonellosis: the role of poultry meat. Clin Microbiol Infect 22:110-21.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.004"},{"key":"249632","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aviv G, Cornelius A, Davidovich M, Cohen H, Suwandi A, Galeev A, Steck N, Azriel S, Rokney A, Valinsky L, Rahav G, Grassl G, Gal-Mor O, 2019. The emerging Salmonella Infantis expresses lower levels of SPI-1 genes and causes milder colitis in mice and lower rates of invasive disease in humans than Salmonella Typhimurium. J Infect Dis 220:1326-35.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz235"},{"key":"249633","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrow PA, Jones MA, Smith AL, Wigley P, 2012. The long view: Salmonella \u2013 the last forty years. Avian Pathol 41:413-20.","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2012.718071"},{"key":"249634","unstructured":"Capita R, \u00c1lvarez-Astorga M, Alonso-Calleja C, Moreno B, Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez MC, 2007. Occurrence of Salmonella enterica serovars and antimicrobial resistance in poultry retail samples in Spain. J Food Prot 70:999-1003."},{"key":"249635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casagrande Proietti P, Stefanetti V, Musa L, Zicavo A, Dionisi AM, Bellucci S, La Mensa A, Menchetti L, Branciari R, Ortenzi R, Franciosini MP, 2020. Genetic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Infantis strains isolated in Italy in the food chain of broiler meat production. Antibiotics 9:814.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110814"},{"key":"249636","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosby DE, Cox NA, Harrison MA, Wilson JL, Buhr RJ, Fedorka-Cray PJ, 2015. 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In: Official Journal, L 46, 18\/2\/2019."},{"key":"249650","unstructured":"European Commission, 2020. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020\/1729 of 17 November 2020 on the monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and commensal bacteria and repealing Implementing Decision 2013\/652\/EU (notified under document C(2020) 7894). In: Official Journal, L 387, 17\/11\/2020."},{"key":"249651","unstructured":"FSAI, 2016. Survey of the microbiological safety of raw chicken on retail sale in Ireland. FSAI, Dublin. Available from: https:\/\/www.fsai.ie\/getmedia\/7e813f2a-e724-4b15-8998-54ea4c07eb5b\/campylobacter-salmonella-retail-baseline-study.pdf"},{"key":"249652","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves-Ten\u00f3rio A, Nunes Silva B, Rodrigues V, Cadavez V, Gonzales-Barron U, 2018. Prevalence of pathogens in poultry meat: a meta-analysis of European published surveys. 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Practical approach for reliable detection of AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol 49:2798-803.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00404-11"},{"key":"249665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosamilia A, Galletti G, Casadei G, Dell\u2019Orfano G, Ferrari M, Carlantonio ED, Vergani F, Riceputi N, Zanchini F, Bardasi L, Fiorentini L, Chiapponi C, Dottori M, Padovani A, Trevisani M, 2025. Assessment of process hygiene criteria in poultry slaughterhouses: a comparative analysis of own-checks and official controls in northeast Italy (2021-2023). Poult Sci 104:105465.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105465"},{"key":"249666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thames HT, Sukumaran AT, 2020. A review of Salmonella and Campylobacter in broiler meat: emerging challenges and food safety measures. Foods 11;9:776.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9060776"},{"key":"249667","unstructured":"USDA, 2024. Risk profile for pathogenic Salmonella subtypes in poultry. 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J Food Prot 64:770-6.","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-64.6.770"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Food Safety"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/ijfs\/article\/download\/14584\/13949","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/ijfs\/article\/download\/14584\/13949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:01:44Z","timestamp":1788739304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pagepressjournals.org\/ijfs\/article\/view\/14584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/ijfs.2026.14584","relation":{},"ISSN":["2239-7132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2239-7132","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]}}}