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Most outbreaks reported during this period were caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella, norovirus, and Campylobacter spp., predominantly in European Member States (MS), followed by the USA. This compilation analysis evidenced the heterogeneity between regions\/countries in the contribution of protein foods to total strong evidence outbreaks that occurred in the studied period. For instance, whereas in the USA, \u201ccheese\u201d was the most frequent source of listeriosis (52.6%), in EU-MS, \u201cmeat\u201d was the topmost contributor (43.1%). In EU-MS, norovirus outbreaks were mainly associated with \u201ccrustaceans and mollusks\u201d (80.9%); \u201ceggs\u201d accounted for most salmonellosis (52.1%) outbreaks, followed by \u201cmeat\u201d (27.1%), the latter of which was also the largest contributor to campylobacteriosis (66.9%) and STEC outbreaks (52.7%). Strong-evidence cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in EU-MS were attributed to \u201ccheese\u201d, while in NZ and the USA, they were all linked to \u201cmilk\u201d. In the USA and NZ, salmonellosis was frequently associated with \u201cmeat\u201d (44.3-46.9%); campylobacteriosis, with \u201cmilk\u201d (44.9-45.2%); and norovirus outbreaks were attributed to \u201ccrustaceans and mollusks\u201d (21.2-29%), \u201cdough-based derivatives\u201d (9.7-26.7%), and composite meals, i.e., \u201cmeat-based meals\u201d (16.3-32.3%) and \u201cseafood-based meals\u201d (12.9-14.1%). STEC was often linked to \u201cmilk\u201d in NZ (62.5%) and to \u201cmeat\u201d in the USA (54.1%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/ijfs.2026.14867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:00:14Z","timestamp":1777464014000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comprehensive review of foodborne disease burden associated with protein foods: a 13-year evaluation of incidence and outbreaks in high-income countries"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7339-1036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Faria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polite\u0301cnico de Braganc\u0327a, Campus de Santa Apolo\u0301nia, Braganc\u0327a, Portugal;\u00a0Nutrition and Food Group (NuFoG), Instituto de Agroecoloxi\u0301a e Alimentacio\u0301n (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Ourense"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3077-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Cadavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, Bragan\u00e7a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-0054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Group (NuFoG), Instituto de Agroecolox\u00eda e Alimentaci\u00f3n (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, Ourense"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8462-9775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"Gonzales-Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, Bragan\u00e7a"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"227689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6253a1"},{"key":"227690","unstructured":"Adams DA, Gallagher KM, Jajosky RA, Kriseman, J, Sharp P, Anderson WJ, Aranas AE, Mayes M, Wodajo, MS, Onweh DH, Abellera JP, 2013. 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