{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:52:12Z","timestamp":1792288332134,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Public Health Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac self-efficacy determines how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave with regards to improving their cardiac health subsequently preventing complications of coronary artery disease (CAD). Given almost one-third of global death is contributed by CAD with 10% of disability adjusted life years lost in low- and middle-income countries (including Nepal), it is important to identify factors that can promote cardiac self-efficacy. There are no studies in Nepal focusing on predictors of self-efficacy. Therefore, we aim to determine the predictors of cardiac self-efficacy of CAD patients in Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study where we recruited 170 patients (\u226530 years) diagnosed with CAD from two tertiary level hospitals. Multiple linear regression model was used to identify the predictors of cardiac self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of the participants was 60.45\u00b110.39 years (range, 31-83). Most of the participants were diagnosed as myocardial infarction (91.2%), rest with unstable angina (6.5%) and stable angina (2.4%). The multivariate analysis shows age (p&lt;0.001), health behaviors (p&lt;0.001) and knowledge of the disease (p&lt;0.001) were statistically significant predictors to cardiac self-efficacy. Every 1-year increase in age was associated with 0.23 units increase in cardiac self-efficacy score. Similarly, every unit increase in health behavior score and knowledge of disease score was associated with 0.432 units and 0.475 units increase in cardiac self-efficacy score respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age and health behaviors were the strongest predictors of cardiac self-efficacy followed by knowledge of the disease. We conclude that those with poor health behavior are at a greater risk of poorer cardiac self-efficacy compared to those with relatively good level of self-efficacy. Public health interventions such as awareness raising about cardiac disease and health behavior modification along with early screening, diagnosis and appropriate care are essential to improving self-efficacy and cardiac care outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:52:14Z","timestamp":1608771134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Predictors of Cardiac Self-Efficacy among Patients Diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Hospitals in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rabina","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lal","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmita","family":"Bajracharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anup","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal Research carried out in: Manmohan Cardiothoracic and Vascular Transplant Center, Maharajgunj and BP Koiral Institue of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jphr.2020.1787","unstructured":"WHO. Cardiovascular Diseases 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/cardiovasculardiseases\/#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"bibr2-jphr.2020.1787","unstructured":"American Heart Association. Coronary Artery Disease - Coronary Heart Disease Jul 31, 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/consumerhealthcare\/what-is-cardiovascular-disease\/coronary-arterydisease"},{"key":"bibr3-jphr.2020.1787","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [Internet]. Heart disease facts. Updated 8\/9\/2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/heartdisease\/facts.htm#:\u223c:text=Coronary%20Artery%20Disease,killing%20365%2C914%20people%20in%202017.&text=About%2018.2%20million%20adults%20age,have%20CAD%20(about%206.7%25).&text=About%202%20in%2010%20deaths,less%20than%2065%20years%20old"},{"key":"bibr4-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1656938"},{"key":"bibr5-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205912"},{"key":"bibr6-jphr.2020.1787","author":"Dhitali SM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Regional Health Forum"},{"key":"bibr7-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v17i3.2327"},{"key":"bibr8-jphr.2020.1787","first-page":"4","volume":"11","author":"Gautam R","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Prospect: J Public Health"},{"key":"bibr9-jphr.2020.1787","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Human behavior","author":"Bandura A","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr10-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515114548622"},{"key":"bibr11-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1976-1317(10)60005-9"},{"key":"bibr12-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12142"},{"key":"bibr13-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2013.57A3002"},{"key":"bibr14-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17"},{"key":"bibr15-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2016.03.004"},{"key":"bibr16-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2017.11.011"},{"key":"bibr17-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2008.09.005"},{"key":"bibr18-jphr.2020.1787","first-page":"e60308","volume":"5","author":"Salari A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care"},{"key":"bibr19-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(05)80095-0"},{"key":"bibr20-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e3181c71e8e"},{"key":"bibr21-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987120946792"},{"key":"bibr22-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-01281-7"},{"key":"bibr23-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3180514d57"},{"key":"bibr24-jphr.2020.1787","first-page":"217","volume":"3","author":"Allahverdipour H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"bibr25-jphr.2020.1787","first-page":"109","volume":"31","author":"Idyan Z","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health Res"},{"key":"bibr26-jphr.2020.1787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2016.104841"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jphres.org\/index.php\/jphres\/article\/download\/1787\/736","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:30:40Z","timestamp":1777613440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2020.1787","relation":{},"ISSN":["2279-9036","2279-9036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2279-9036","type":"print"},{"value":"2279-9036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"article-number":"jphr.2020.1787"}}