{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T19:17:43Z","timestamp":1771269463975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the worst worldwide pandemic with more than 12,000,000 cases and 560,000 deaths until 14th July 2020. Men were more infected by COVID-19 than women, and male subjects with underlying conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases developed a severe form of the affection, with increased mortality rate. Many factors can contribute to the disparity in disease outcomes, such as hormone-specific reaction and activity of X-linked genes, which modulate the innate and adaptive immune response to virus infection. Until now, only the Remdesivir was approved by FDA (Food Drug Administration) for COVID-19 treatment, although several clinical trials are ongoing worldwide also on other drugs. In this review, we analyzed published studies on several drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir-ritonavir in combination, tocilizumab, plasma, and immunoglobulins) with some efficacy to COVID-19 in humans, and evaluated if there were a gender analysis of the available data. In our opinion, it is essential to report data about COVID-19 disaggregated by sex, age, and race, because the knowledge of gender differences is fundamental to identify effective and customized treatments to reduce hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units, and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T03:45:31Z","timestamp":1607053531000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Gender differences in treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019"],"prefix":"10.4081","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3817-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immacolata","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Barbagelata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziamaria","family":"Corbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Ciarambino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"container-title":["Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/monaldi-archives.org\/index.php\/macd\/article\/download\/1508\/1132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/monaldi-archives.org\/index.php\/macd\/article\/download\/1508\/1132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T03:45:31Z","timestamp":1607053531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/monaldi-archives.org\/index.php\/macd\/article\/view\/1508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1508","relation":{},"ISSN":["2532-5264","1122-0643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2532-5264","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1122-0643","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]}}}