{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:15:43Z","timestamp":1761808543085,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 have now become more common and appreciable. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause a variety of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness about post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae, both infectious and non-infectious, in this geographical area. A retrospective study was conducted from July 1st 2020 to December 20th 2020. A total of 1200 patients were evaluated, with 83 suffering from post-COVID-19 pulmonary complications. The patients' mean age was 62 years (IQR 55-69), with 63 (75.9%) being male. The most common co-morbid illnesses were hypertension (49, 59%) and diabetes (45, 54.2%). The majority of them (37, 44.6%) had severe COVID-19, followed by critical COVID-19 (33, 39.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence of respiratory symptoms or duration of current illness between non-severe, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients. Non-infectious complications were observed in the majority of patients (n=76, 91.5%), including organizing pneumonia\/ground glass opacities in 71 (88%) patients, fibrosis in 44 (55%), pulmonary embolism in 10 (12.5%), pneumomediastinum in 6 (7.4%) and pneumothorax in 7 (8.6%). Infective complications (25, 30.1%) included aspergillus infection in 10 (12.0%) and bacterial infection in 5 (8.47%), with more gram-negative infections and one patient developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Post COVID-19 mortality was 11 (13.3%). The long-term pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 are not rare. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, ground glass opacities, and fibrosis were common post-COVID-19 sequelae in our patients. This necessitates frequent close monitoring of these patients in order to initiate early appropriate management and prevent further morbidity and eventual mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2022.2412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T09:53:20Z","timestamp":1665482000000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Post COVID-19 sequelae of the respiratory system. A single center experience reporting the compromise of the airway, alveolar and vascular components"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5026-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nousheen","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-2799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iffat","family":"Khanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali Ibrahim","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-1606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Urooj","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uzzam Ahmed","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safia","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5796-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Bin Sarwar","family":"Zubairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javaid Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"21714","unstructured":"Pakistan Government. 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Int J Clin Pract 2021;75:e13746.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13746"},{"key":"21719","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hauguel-Moreau M, Hajjam ME, De Baynast Q, et al. Occurrence of pulmonary embolism related to COVID-19. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021;52:69-75.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02292-4"},{"key":"21720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George PM, Barratt SL, Condliffe R, et al. Respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thorax 2020;75:1009\u201316.","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215314"},{"key":"21721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi M, Ahmadikia K, Badali H, Khodavaisy S. Opportunistic fungal infections in the epidemic area of COVID-19: A clinical and diagnostic perspective from Iran. Mycopathologia 2020;185:607\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00472-7"},{"key":"21722","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaillancourt M, Jorth P. The unrecognized threat of secondary bacterial infections with COVID-19. mBio 2020;11:e01806-20.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01806-20"},{"key":"21723","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Lu S. COVID-19 and tuberculosis. J Transl Intern Med 2020;8:59\u201365.","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2020-0010"},{"key":"21724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong Q, Xu M, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, et al. Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021;27:89\u201395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.023"},{"key":"21725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carf\u00ec A, Bernabei R, Landi F Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA 2020;324:603\u20135.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603"},{"key":"21726","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"No authors listed. Update to living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. 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