{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:09:21Z","timestamp":1747224561499,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (PD-L1) therapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has variable outcomes. Tumor subtypes based on PD-L1 expression, histopathology, mutation burden is required for patient stratification and formulation of treatment guidelines. Lung cancers (n=57) diagnosed at Pathology department, VPCI (2018-2021) were retrospectively analyzed. PD-L1(SP263) expressed by tumor cells [low (&lt;1%), medium (1-49%), high (\u226550%)] was correlated with histopathology, microenvironment, EGFR, KRAS expression. Patients were categorized into high and low risk based on their: i) gender: males (n=47, 30-89 years), females (n=10, 45-80 years); ii) smoking history: males 26\/47 (45.61%), females 1\/10 (10%); iii) tumor subtyping: squamous cell carcinoma 15\/57 (26.32%), adenocarcinoma 6\/57 (17.54%), NSCLC-undifferentiated 24\/57 (42.10%), adenosquamous carcinoma 5\/57 (8.77 %), carcinosarcoma 4\/57 (7.02%), small cell carcinoma 1\/57 (1.75%); iv) inflammatory tumor microenvironment\/TILs 44\/57 (77.1%); iv) PD-L1 positivity-31\/57 (54.3%); v) concomitant EGFR\/KRAS positivity. PD-L1positive cases showed squamous\/undifferentiated histopathology, concomitant EGFR+ (9\/20, 45%) and KRAS+ (8\/15, 53.3%), smoking+ (21\/31,67.74%).PD-L1 negative cases (26\/57, 45.6%), were EGFR+ (2\/14, 14.28%) and KRAS+ (6\/19, 31.5%). The high-risk lung cancer subtypes show squamous\/undifferentiated histopathology, inflammatory microenvironment, male preponderance, smoking history, higher concomitant PD-L1, KRAS and EGFR positivity. Lung cancer subtyping can predict clinical response\/resistance of patients prior to initiation of PD-L1 inhibitor therapies and can be used to guide therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2023.2449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T14:10:26Z","timestamp":1675260626000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subtyping of advanced lung cancer based on PD-L1 expression, tumor histopathology and mutation burden (EGFR and KRAS): a study from North India"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4799-1131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu","family":"Kulshrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himanshi","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7116-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonam","family":"Spalgius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Mrigpuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balakrishnan","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenu","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawan","family":"Mahor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishita","family":"Bhutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"24432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vrankar M, Kern I, Stanic K. 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