{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:09:21Z","timestamp":1747224561654,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"PAGEPress Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the COVID-19 era the tracheal complications due to prolonged mechanical ventilation have significantly increased. Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula is one of those in ventilated COVID-19 patients. Thus, the knowledge of their management in such fragile patient is crucial. We report a case of tracheoesophageal fistula in a 56-year-old female under prolonged mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia and discuss its management. A surgical approach was proposed. By a collar-shaped transverse cervicotomic access, we transected the trachea at level of fistula en-bloc with the tracheostoma. The esophageal lesion was longitudinally repaired in two-layers. Protective left strap muscle was sandwiched between esophagus and trachea. The tracheal end-to-end anastomosis was completed without a re-tracheostoma. Even if surgical approach of tracheoesophageal fistula in COVID-19 patients has not been tested before, surgery remains the treatment of choice according to the multidisciplinary board.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2023.2490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T14:16:25Z","timestamp":1675779385000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The surgical approach of late-onset tracheoesophageal fistula in a tracheostomized COVID-19 patient"],"prefix":"10.4081","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1325-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Rotolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Cattoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5051-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"De Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Filipponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Mateo-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6281-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Imperatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2549","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"24633","unstructured":"Couraud L, Ballester MJ, Delaisement C. Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula and its management. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;8:392-9."},{"key":"24634","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grillo HC, Moncure AC, McEnany MT. Repair of inflammatory tracheoesophageal fistula. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22:112-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63971-9"},{"key":"24635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiacchini G, Forfori F, Guarracino F, Bruschini L. Potential mechanisms of laryngotracheal injuries in patients with COVID-19 subjected to invasive ventilation. Respir Care 2021;66:1927-8.","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09612"},{"key":"24636","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Herreros LG, Jim\u00e9nez A, Cabrera LF, et al. Early presentation of post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistula with severe tracheal stenosis in COVID-19 patient. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021;103:e144-7.","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2020.7065"},{"key":"24637","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed MF, Mathisen DJ. Tracheoesophageal fistula. Chest Surg Clin N Am 2003;13:271-89.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3359(03)00030-9"},{"key":"24638","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf M, Yellin A, Talmi YP, et al. Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula in critically ill patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000;109:731-5.","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900806"},{"key":"24639","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosati R, De Nardi P, Dell'Acqua A, et al. Tracheoesophageal fistula in a COVID-19 ventilated patient: A challenging therapeutic decision. Case Rep Surg 2021;2021:6645518.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6645518"},{"key":"24640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhiwakar M, Ronen O, Supriya M, Mehta S. Surgical repair of mechanical ventilation induced tracheoesophageal fistula. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277:323-31.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05723-y"},{"key":"24641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negaresh M, Hoseininia S, Samadi Takaldani AH, et al. Implanting jejunostomy tube as conservative management of tracheoesophageal fistula in a COVID-19 patient. Clin Case Rep 2021;9:e05151.","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.5151"},{"key":"24642","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira C, Silva R, Campello GC, Moura F. Tracheoesophageal fistula in a COVID-19 patient. Saudi J Anaesth 2021;15:447-9.","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_294_21"},{"key":"24643","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puma F, Vannucci J, Santoprete S, et al. Surgery and perioperative management for post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistula: case series analysis. J Thorac Dis 2017;9:278-86.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.02.17"},{"key":"24644","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rotolo N, Cattoni M, Imperatori A. Complications from tracheal resection for thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg 2017;6:574-8.","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.08.05"},{"key":"24645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cua\u00f1o Mina PMG, Pilapil Agsalud JC, Larrazabal Bagaporo RJ, Villalobos RE. Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula in a pregnant patient with COVID-19 pneumonia on prolonged invasive ventilation. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14:e244016.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244016"},{"key":"24646","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathisen DJ, Grillo HC, Wain JC, Hilgenberg AD. Management of acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;52:759-65.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)91207-C"},{"key":"24647","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granata A, Martucci G, Rizzo GEM, et al. Combined endoscopical treatments for tracheo-esophageal fistula developed during V-V ECMO for severe COVID-19: A case series. 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